Medications employed for the alleviation of persistent itching, known as pruritus, encompass a variety of drugs, which can effectively address itching associated with specific conditions. For instance, colestyramine, a medication primarily used for lowering lipids, is utilized to relieve pruritus linked to primary biliary cirrhosis. Antipruritic drugs are available in the form of creams and emollients, often containing corticosteroid drugs, antihistamine drugs, or local anesthetics. Additionally, oral antihistamines can also be administered to alleviate itching.
Skin irritation triggers the release of certain substances, including histamine, which induce the dilation of blood vessels and the accumulation of fluid beneath the skin. Consequently, inflammation and itching occur. Antipruritic drugs function by either diminishing inflammation, thereby reducing itching, or by numbing the nerve impulses responsible for transmitting sensations to the brain.
Excessive or prolonged application of any antipruritic medication, particularly creams containing antihistamines or local anesthetics, can potentially exacerbate skin irritation. Furthermore, oral antihistamines may induce drowsiness as a side effect. It’s important to note that prolonged usage of potent topical corticosteroids may lead to permanent alterations in the skin, most commonly thinning of the skin.