Drugs that serve to maintain normal blood pressure. They can block the receptors for the vasoconstrictor hormones, promote water loss by decreasing the renal water reabsorption process, inhibit the activity of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), or interfere with the calcium ion second messenger systems.
A group of drugs used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Untreated hypertension leads to stroke, heart attacks and heart failure. The high incidence of hypertension in Western countries has led to intensive research to discover antihypertensive drugs, and many have been marketed. The drugs may work by reducing the power of the heartbeat, by dilating the blood vessels, or by increasing the excretion of salts and water in the urine (diuresis).
Antihypertensive drugs constitute a category of medications employed in the management of hypertension, aiming to prevent potential complications like stroke, heart failure (reduced pumping efficiency of the heart), myocardial infarction (heart attack), and kidney damage. There are various types of antihypertensives, each functioning differently to reduce blood pressure levels.
Antihypertensive medications employ various mechanisms to decrease blood pressure levels. ACE inhibitors and angiotensin-II antagonists target enzymes in the bloodstream to promote blood vessel dilation. Alpha-blockers hinder nerve signals responsible for constricting blood vessels. Beta-blockers diminish the force of the heartbeat, thereby reducing blood pressure. Diuretics enhance the elimination of salts and water through urine, resulting in reduced blood volume. Calcium channel blockers and ACE inhibitors regulate the size of blood vessels by preventing constriction of arterial wall muscles. Lastly, centrally acting hypertensives target the brain’s mechanism that governs blood vessel size.
The specific side effects of antihypertensive drugs vary depending on the type used; however, all types have the potential to induce dizziness if blood pressure drops excessively. It is important to be aware of this possible effect when undergoing antihypertensive treatment.
It is essential to consult a doctor before reducing the dosage or discontinuing antihypertensive treatment. A healthcare professional will supervise a gradual reduction in dosage if necessary. Abruptly stopping the medication could lead to a dangerous increase in blood pressure, emphasizing the importance of medical guidance throughout the process.