When it comes to addressing the issue of diarrhoea and the need to regulate bowel movements in individuals who have undergone a colostomy or ileostomy, certain medications are employed. The primary purpose of these drugs is to diminish or halt the occurrence of diarrhoea. In cases of acute diarrhoea, which manifests suddenly, the recommended course of treatment revolves around oral rehydration therapy. It is important to note that antidiarrhoeal drugs are not appropriate for children.
Among the various types of antidiarrhoeal medications, there are certain categories that serve specific functions. Adsorbents, such as kaolin, possess the ability to absorb toxic substances that are responsible for causing diarrhoea. Bulk-forming agents, like ispaghula, function by absorbing water from the stool, resulting in firmer consistency. Another class of antidiarrhoeal drugs are antimotility agents, including opioid drugs like morphine and codeine, as well as loperamide, which shares chemical similarities with opioids but lacks their opioid effects. These antimotility drugs work by slowing down the movement of the intestines.
Antidiarrheal medications have the potential to induce constipation. When encountering a situation where diarrhea stems from an infection, the usage of antidiarrheals can impede the healing process by decelerating the elimination of the responsible microorganisms.
Bulk-forming agents have the potential to result in intestinal obstruction if consumed without an adequate intake of water or if the bowel is constricted in any way.
Extended utilization of opioid antidiarrheal medications can lead to the development of physical dependence. This dependency can give rise to symptoms such as nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea when the drug is abruptly discontinued.
It is advised not to consume anti-diarrheal medications on a regular basis, unless specifically recommended by a medical professional, as they have the potential to conceal a potentially serious underlying condition.