Antidiabetic medications comprise a class of drugs utilized in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, a condition characterized by insufficient insulin production or resistance to its actions, leading to elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). The diverse range of antidiabetic agents aims to maintain blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible, thus reducing the risk of complications such as vascular disease. Among the antidiabetic drugs are injectable insulin, which necessitates administration via injection, and oral hypoglycemics like glibenclamide and metformin.
Most medications used to treat diabetes help facilitate the absorption of glucose into the body’s tissues, thereby preventing a significant increase in blood sugar levels. However, it’s important to note that various antidiabetic drugs function in distinct manners. For instance, Acarbose and guar gum act by diminishing or slowing down the absorption of carbohydrates from the intestines following meals. On the other hand, Repaglinide stimulates the pancreas to release insulin, while Rosiglitazone decreases insulin resistance in the body’s tissues and can be employed alongside other hypoglycemic agents.
Some antidiabetic medications have the potential to excessively reduce blood glucose levels, resulting in hypoglycemia, which is characterized by abnormally low blood sugar levels. In rare cases, these drugs may also lead to a decrease in the count of blood cells, the development of a rash, or disturbances in the intestines or liver.
While Metformin does not induce hypoglycemia, its usage can lead to certain side effects such as nausea, loss of appetite, abdominal distension, and diarrhea. It is important to note that individuals with liver, kidney, or heart issues should refrain from taking this medication.