A category of medications, also known as antimuscarinics, finds application in the treatment of various conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, urinary incontinence, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Parkinson’s disease, and bradycardia (abnormally slow heartbeat). Anticholinergic drugs are employed to dilate the pupil before eye examinations or surgical procedures. They may also be utilized as premedication prior to general anesthesia and to manage motion sickness.
Anticholinergics obstruct the impact of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter discharged from nerve terminals within the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system. Acetylcholine elicits responses in various cells, such as promoting muscular contraction, decelerating the heart rate, and augmenting secretions in the oral and pulmonary regions.
Anticholinergics can potentially induce certain adverse effects, which may encompass xerostomia (dry mouth), visual impairment, urinary retention, and cognitive disorientation.