Verbal or nonverbal responses of a learner that may be interpreted by the teacher and used to guide learning may also originate with the teacher in verbal or nonverbal form, providing the learner with knowledge of what the teacher is aware of and understands the learner’s coded message.
To give information or comments on something that has been done.
Information about the results of previous actions, which can then be used as a guide to future action. In relation to one’s body, for example, feedback may be the sense of motion or pain that comes from moving your arm, information that can then be used to decide whether or not to move the arm further or pull it back. Children with an inadequate body image get inadequate feedback or do not know how to interpret it, so they often cannot judge the effect of their actions, nor can they learn for the future the likely result of an action. People with eating disorders sometimes get faulty feedback about their actions, which causes them to act in ways harmful to themselves. More generally, feedback refers to the response of others to ourselves and our actions, which helps shape our view of how we feel about ourselves and how we will act in the future; in this sense, feedback can be used positively to shape behavior, as in behavior modification, or negatively to inhibit behavior.
Coupling of the output of a gland or process to the input; return of some portion of the energy or effect of a process to the originating source in order to regulate its further output. For example, a feedback mechanism controls the release of thyroxine from the thyroid gland, the level of thyroxine in the circulating blood is detected by the pituitary gland, which then responds to maintain the level at normal range, releasing a factor (thyroid-stimulating hormone) to stimulate the thyroid to release more thyroxine if needed.
The coupling of the output of a process to the input. Feedback mechanisms are important in regulating many physiological processes; for example, hormone output and enzyme-mediated reactions. In negative feedback, a rise in the output of a substance (e.g. a hormone) will inhibit a further increase in its production, either directly or indirectly. In positive feedback, a rise in the output of a substance is associated with an increase in the output of another substance, either directly or indirectly.
The influence of the output or result of a system on the input or stimulus. Feedback may be positive or negative. In positive feedback, the result of the process intensifies the stimulus (e.g., uterine contraction stimulates oxytocin secretion, which brings about increased contractions and increased oxytocin). In negative feedback, the result of the process reverses or shuts off the stimulus (e.g., a high blood glucose level stimulates insulin secretion, which lowers blood glucose, which in turn decreases insulin secretion).
The process in active listening of the communicator providing information to the listener about the listener’s accuracy of understanding of the message.
A self-controlling mechanism that manages specific bodily functions, like the production of hormones and enzymes.
For instance, if hormone levels are excessively high, the production of any substance that prompts the hormone’s release is suppressed, leading to a reduction in hormone production – a process known as negative feedback. Conversely, if hormone levels drop too low, the process is reversed through positive feedback to restore balance.