Augmentation procedure for the placement of implants in the posterior maxilla where pneumatization of the maxillary sinus and/or vertical loss of alveolar bone have occurred. Autografts are often mixed with bone substitutes to increase the volume of the augmentation material or prevent graft resorption during remodeling. Two surgical techniques are well known and routinely used in daily practice: the lateral window technique, first described by Boyne and James in 1980, and the transalveolar osteotome technique, first described by Summers in 1994.