A protein secreted from the beta cells of the pancreas responsible for the uptake of glucose into cells, and stimulation of protein synthesis and lipid synthesis in fat cells.
A peptide hormone composed of 51 amino acids produced in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle. Insulin deficiency is often the cause of diabetes and exogenous insulin is used to control diabetes.
A protein hormone secreted by beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, generally promoting the cellular utilization of glucose. It is also an important regulator of protein and lipid metabolism. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
A hormone that stimulates the movement of glucose and amino acids into most cells and stimulates the syntheses of protein, fat, and glycogen.
Polypeptide hormone that regulates carbohydrate metabolism.
The hormone produced in the pancreas which regulates carbohydrate and fat metabolism and causes increased cellular uptake of glucose.
A protein hormone normally secreted by the β cells of the pancreas (when stimulated by glucose, and the parasympathetic nervous system). Insulin and glucagon are the most important regulators of fuel (food) metabolism. In essence, insulin signals the “fed” state to the body’s cells, which stimulates the storage of fuels and the synthesis of proteins in a variety of ways.
The disease known as diabetes results from a body’s inability to produce insulin. In 1922, Canadian scientists Frederick Banting, Charles Best, J. J. R. MacLeod and J. B. Collip succeeded in extracting insulin from the pancreas of slaughtered livestock (cows, pigs) in a form that could be injected into diabetes patients as a substitute for human insulin.
The English biochemist, Fred Sanger, was first to determine the complete amino acid sequence of the insulin molecule. In 1 977, the American scientist Howard Goodman, collaborating with William Rutter, announced the first cloning of insulin genes. This led to human insulin production by genetically engineered microorganisms (approved by FDA in 1982).
A hormone made in the pancreas that controls the level of glucose in the blood.
A hormone secreted by the pancreas in response to elevated blood glucose levels. Insulin stimulates the liver, muscles, and fat cells to remove glucose from the blood for use or storage. People with diabetes mellitus either do not produce enough insulin or do not use it properly.
A hormone, secreted in the pancreas, that regulates blood sugar levels.
A pancreatic hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating glucose metabolism Interference with production in the islet cells of Langerhans will produce symptoms of diabetes mellitus.
A hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas.
A hormone produced by the pancreas which is essential in regulating the metabolism of sugar.
The hormone synthesized and released by the (3 cells of the islet of Langerhans in response to rising levels of blood glucose.
Insulin is a peptide hormone synthesized in the beta cells of the pancreas. A primary function of insulin is the regulation of blood glucose, in which it most notably prevents blood glucose elevations by stimulating the uptake of glucose into the cell by glucose transporters. The primary transporter in skeletal muscle, the heart, and adipose cells is called the GLUT-4 transporter. When activated by insulin, GLUT-4 migrates to the cell membrane to allow the facilitated diffusion of glucose. Exercise also stimulates the function of GLUT-4 transporters; thus, serum concentrations of insulin usually drop during exercise when food is not eaten.
A hormone produced by the pancreas, lack of which produces the disease diabetes mellitus. Too much insulin, as during treatment, can cause hypoglycemia or insulin shock.
Hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas; it regulates the metabolism of glucose and, secondarily, intermediary processes in the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. Inadequate insulin levels lead to too-high glucose levels and other disturbances of metabolism, often associated with diabetes mellitus.
A protein hormone secreted by the pancreas that regulates carbohydrate metabolism.
A hormone found in animals and humans; also an antidiabetic drug. Defective secretion of insulin by the pancreas is the cause of diabetes mellitus. All people with type 1 diabetes and many with type 2 must have insulin injections to control their blood glucose level.
A protein hormone, produced in the pancreas by the β cells of the islets of Langerhans, that is important for regulating the amount of sugar (glucose) in the blood. Insulin secretion is stimulated by a high concentration of blood sugar. Lack of this hormone gives rise to ‘diabetes mellitus, in which large amounts of sugar are present in the blood and urine. This condition may be treated successfully by insulin injections.
A polypeptide hormone produced in the pancreas by the beta cells of the islets of langerhans. It plays a key role in the body’s regulation of carbohydrate, fat, and protein, and its deficiency leads to diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients are described as type 1 (insulin dependent), or type 2 (noninsulin dependent), although many of the latter may need insulin later on, in order to maintain good control of blood glucose concentration.
A hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas that controls the metabolism and cellular uptake of sugars, proteins, and fats. As a drug, it is used principally to control diabetes mellitus. Insulin therapy is required in the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus because patients with this illness do not make enough insulin on their own to survive. The drug also is used in the care of patients with gestational diabetes to prevent fetal complications caused by maternal hyperglycemia (insulin itself does not cross the placenta or enter breast milk). In type 2 diabetes mellitus, its use typically is reserved for those patients who have failed to control their blood sugars with diet, exercise, and oral drugs.
A hormone that causes cells to remove glucose from the bloodstream.
A hormone made in the pancreas. Insulin controls the amount of sugar in the blood by moving it into the cells, where it can be used by the body for energy.
A hormone produced by the pancreas that enables glucose to pass from the blood into the body’s cells.
A hormone secreted by the pancreas used to transport glucose to the body’s cells.
A hormone secreted by the pancreas that lowers blood sugar levels and promotes the entry of glucose into muscle, fat, and certain other cells.
Insulin, an endocrine hormone synthesized by the pancreas, plays a crucial role in carbohydrate metabolism. It acts as a master key, permitting the ingress of carbohydrates into the cells for subsequent energy production. The modulation of insulin secretion shapes the macronutrient preference of an individual, whether the substrate utilized for energy production is protein, fat, or carbohydrate, hence determining the probability of adipose tissue deposition.
A hormone synthesized by the pancreas that plays a vital role in the metabolism of sugars and carbohydrates present in the diet is commonly known as insulin.
Insulin is a hormone made by groups of cells in the pancreas called the Islets of Langerhans. Its main job is to manage blood sugar levels. While it’s always present in our system, its production goes up after we eat to handle the increased glucose from food. This hormone helps our cells take in glucose and turn it into energy. By doing so, insulin ensures there’s no excess glucose in our blood and that our cells get the sugar they need to function properly.
When the body doesn’t produce enough insulin, it leads to a condition called diabetes mellitus. An insulinoma, on the other hand, is an uncommon tumor that causes the body to produce too much insulin, leading to episodes of hypoglycemia, or unusually low blood sugar levels.
People with diabetes mellitus often need to replace insulin. This can be done either by injecting it or using an infusion pump. Taking insulin orally isn’t effective since stomach acids break it down. By administering insulin, patients can avoid hyperglycemia (elevated blood sugar levels) and ketosis (an accumulation of acids in the blood) which can lead to a coma if severe. Today’s insulin for human use is mostly made through genetic engineering, though older versions made from beef or pork are still accessible.
Taking too much insulin can lead to hypoglycemia. This condition can usually be corrected by eating something or drinking a sugary beverage. However, if hypoglycemia becomes severe, it might result in a coma. In such cases, an urgent treatment using an IV glucose injection or administering glucagon (a hormone that counteracts insulin) into a muscle, vein, or just under the skin is crucial.
Insulin, a hormone produced in the pancreas within small clusters of tissue known as the islets of Langerhans, is released into the bloodstream. Its primary role is to regulate the digestion of carbohydrates. A deficiency in insulin results in diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as sugar diabetes. Various insulin preparations are available, including protamine zinc insulin and globulin zinc insulin. These preparations have a notably slow absorption rate after injection, maintaining their effects for a full 24 hours, allowing patients to require only one daily injection.