A metabolic disorder characterized by extreme thirst, excessive consumption of liquids and excessive urination, due to failure of secretion of the antidiuretic hormone.
The constant excretion of large quantities of pale urine of low specific gravity not containing sugar, diabetes mellitus.
A rare disorder of the pituitary gland causing an inadequate amount of the hormone vasopressin, which controls urine production, to be produced, leading to excessive passing of urine and extreme thirst.
A disease of the pituitary that results in excessive urination and thirst due to a lack of ADH.
Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a syndrome that is characterized by an inability to conserve water and maintain the body’s essential water homeostasis. Onset of this condition occurs when there is an insufficient level of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or when the kidneys have a decreased sensitivity to ADH. When a deficiency in ADH occurs, the kidneys cannot reabsorb water and concentrate urine. Subsequently, an excessive volume of dilute urine is produced and excreted. In response to such unregulated loss of water, individuals with diabetes insipidus experience constant thirst and must increase their fluid intake substantially to prevent dehydration.
A rare metabolic disorder, of entirely different origin from the more common diabetes mellitus but with similar symptoms in the early stages, especially excessive thirst (polydipsia) and production of great quantities of urine (polyuria). Most cases of diabetes insipidus result from the pituitary gland’s inadequate production of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which controls the amount of water sent out of the body as urine. Diabetes insipidus can, in fact, be a sign of a tumor in or damage to the pituitary. Lack of sufficient water to match the enormous output can lead to serious dehydration, ultimately resulting in coma and possible serious damage, especially in infants and small children. This kind of diabetes insipidus can be treated with a synthetic form of ADH. A rarer form of the disorder, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, can result from failure of the kidneys to respond to the ADH in the body. This can be a congenital disorder, or it may result from kidney infection {pyelonephritis). It cannot be treated with ADH but requires careful control of diet and water intake, with medication to suppress some thirst symptoms.
A disease marked by increased urination (polyuria) and excessive thirst (polydipsia) due to inadequate production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and/or a decrease in the renal response to ADH.
Chronic pituitary disorder causing antiduretic hormone (ADH) insufficiency.
A metabolic disorder characterized by decreased use of carbohydrates and increased proteins and lipids due to absence of insulin production.
A disease marked by excessive, dilute urine output and severe thirst, caused by an abnormality of the pituitary gland, one of whose functions is body fluid regulation. Pituitary extract, a synthetic pituitary-like substance, or drugs can be used to treat the disease.
A disease of the pituitary gland or kidneys characterized by the passage of large amounts of urine. It can be distinguished from diabetes mellitus in two ways: it does not involve insulin production, and there is no excessive glucose (sugar) in the urine.
A rare metabolic disorder in which the patient produces large quantities of dilute urine and is constantly thirsty. It is due to deficiency of the pituitary hormone vasopressin, which regulates reabsorption of water in the kidneys, and is treated by administration of the hormone.
Diabetes insipidus is a relatively rare condition and must be differentiated from diabetes mellitus which is an entirely different disease.
Excessive urination caused either by inadequate amounts of circulating vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) in the body (hypothalamic DI) or by failure of the kidney to respond to antidiuretic hormone (nephrogenic DI). Urinary output is often massive (e.g., 5 to 15 L/day), which may result in dehydration in patients who cannot drink enough liquid to replace urinary losses (e.g., those with impaired consciousness). The urine is dilute (specific gravity is often below 1.005), and typically the patient’s serum sodium level and osmolality rise as free water is eliminated as urine. If water deficits are not matched or the urinary losses are not prevented.
A metabolic disorder characterized by insufficient production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the pituitary gland or inadequate response of the kidneys to ADH is referred to as diabetes insipidus. The primary symptoms of this condition include excessive urination and persistent thirst.
Diabetes insipidus is a rare condition characterized by excessive thirst and the production of large volumes of diluted urine. Individuals with this condition may pass approximately five to 20 liters of urine within a 24-hour period, provided that an adequate intake of water accompanies this output. Failure to replace the lost water may result in dehydration, leading to symptoms such as confusion, stupor, and even coma.
Diabetes insipidus commonly arises when the pituitary gland fails to secrete an adequate amount of ADH (antidiuretic hormone), which is responsible for regulating the excretion of water in urine. This deficiency in ADH secretion can be attributed to pituitary gland disorders or may occur temporarily following brain surgery. Another rare variant of the condition, known as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, occurs when the kidneys fail to respond appropriately to ADH.
Diagnosing diabetes insipidus primarily involves conducting blood and urine tests. A healthcare provider may assess the 24-hour urine output and also measure urine output after a period of fluid restriction. In individuals affected by this condition, a substantial volume of urine will still be passed despite the fluid restriction. Additionally, the person’s response to synthetic ADH may be evaluated. If the urine output remains elevated even after the administration of ADH, it indicates the presence of the nephrogenic form of the disease.
ADH-related diabetes insipidus is typically treated using desmopressin, a synthetic form of ADH. On the other hand, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is managed through a combination of a low-sodium diet and the administration of thiazide diuretic medications.
A condition stemming from a pituitary gland abnormality, marked by intense thirst and the frequent excretion of dilute, un-concentrated urine.