A malignancy affecting the pharynx (the portion of the throat found between the tonsils and the voicebox). Pharyngeal cancer typically originates within the mucous membrane that lines the throat.
In Western regions, nearly all instances of pharyngeal cancer are linked to smoking and alcohol consumption. This condition is more prevalent among men, and its occurrence increases with age.
Tumors located in the nasopharynx have distinct causes and symptoms compared to those originating in the lower parts of the pharynx.
Malignant growths within the oropharynx (the central part of the pharynx) typically lead to challenges in swallowing, frequently accompanied by a sore throat and ear discomfort. Coughing up blood-streaked sputum might occur. Occasionally, individuals might experience solely the sensation of a throat lump or observe an enlarged lymph node in the neck.
Cancer originating in the laryngopharynx (the lowest portion of the pharynx) initially gives rise to a feeling of incomplete swallowing. As the condition advances, later-stage symptoms encompass a muted voice, hoarseness, and heightened challenges with swallowing.
Diagnosis is achieved through a biopsy, often carried out in tandem with procedures like laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, or esophagoscopy. Surgical removal or radiotherapy can be employed to address the growth. Additionally, anticancer medications may be administered.