Laxatives are medications used to alleviate constipation by facilitating the smoother and faster movement of feces through the intestines. They are also prescribed for individuals with hemorrhoids to minimize straining during bowel movements. Furthermore, they are often administered to prep the intestines before diagnostic tests like colonoscopy or barium enema, as well as prior to abdominal surgeries.
Laxatives come in various forms, all targeting the large intestine. They either expedite the movement of feces through the bowel or augment their bulk and/or moisture content. Bulk-forming laxatives remain unabsorbed as they traverse the digestive system, absorbing significant volumes of water. This increases the size and softness of the stool, making it easier to pass. Stimulant laxatives induce more robust contractions of the intestinal wall, accelerating feces removal. Lubricant laxatives ease and smooth the movement of the stool. Lastly, osmotic laxatives ensure water retention in the intestines, enhancing the stool’s volume and softness.
Overuse of laxatives can result in side effects like abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating, and imbalances in the body’s natural chemistry. Lubricating laxatives might hinder the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins like A, D, E, and K in the intestine. Extended consumption of stimulant laxatives can lead to a reliance on them for regular bowel activity. Hence, laxatives should be taken only when truly required and for a brief duration. Once bowel regularity is restored, their usage should be stopped. If constipation persists for more than a week, it’s advisable to seek medical advice.