The likelihood of falling tends to progressively increase as one gets older. This heightened risk of falling often results from the gradual slowing of reflexes, leading to situations where an older person who stumbles may be too slow to avert a fall.
Falls could merely be accidents, often triggered by ground obstructions like loose floor coverings, or they may arise from medical conditions. Various health issues prevalent in the elderly elevate the risk of falls. These include poor vision, walking difficulties, cardiac arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat), hypotension (low blood pressure), and Parkinson’s disease (a movement disorder). The use of sleeping medications or tranquilizers could also raise the fall risk. At times, falls can be an early sign of a severe illness, like pneumonia.
Fractures are a frequent consequence of falls, particularly in women. Women not only experience more falls, but they are also more prone to fractures because their bone strength may be diminished due to osteoporosis, a condition characterized by decreased bone density.
Falls can sometimes lead to significant indirect repercussions in older individuals. Anyone who falls and remains on the floor for over an hour, particularly in cold conditions, may experience hypothermia (a drop in body temperature). Additionally, a fall, or even the fear of one, can negatively impact one’s mental state. It can demoralize an otherwise active person, causing them to become confined to their home.
Falls can be prevented by adopting practical measures like keeping floors clear of clutter, ensuring sufficient lighting, wearing appropriate footwear, making certain that floor coverings and wiring are secure, and installing sturdy handrails. For older individuals living alone, personal alarms can be worn around the neck at all times. If a fall occurs, they can press the alarm button to call for assistance.