The provision of physical and psychological support intended to ensure that the last days or months of a person’s life are as devoid of pain, discomfort, and emotional suffering as feasible.
Caregivers can encompass a wide range of individuals, such as doctors, nurses, and various medical practitioners, as well as counselors, social workers, clergy members, and the person’s own family and friends.
Regular low doses of analgesic drugs can alleviate pain. In cases of severe pain, opioid analgesics like morphine may be prescribed. Alternative pain relief methods include nerve blocks, cordotomy, and TENS. Nausea and vomiting can be managed with appropriate medications. Constipation can be addressed through the use of laxatives. For those experiencing breathlessness, a common issue in terminal stages, morphine administration can provide relief.
As the end approaches, the person nearing the end of life might experience restlessness and encounter breathing difficulties caused by heart failure or pneumonia. Fortunately, these distressing symptoms can be alleviated with the help of medication and by repositioning the patient into a more comfortable stance.
Providing emotional care is just as crucial as alleviating physical symptoms, particularly for those facing terminal illnesses. Feelings of anger, depression, guilt, or regret often arise in such situations. Hence, the presence of loving and supportive family, friends, and others plays a vital role in helping these individuals cope with their emotions.
Numerous individuals facing terminal illnesses express a preference for passing away in the comfort of their own homes. Moreover, only a small fraction of terminally ill patients require extended periods of specialized nursing care. In such cases, the option of receiving additional support from specifically trained nurses or healthcare workers affiliated with hospitals, hospices, or charitable organizations can be made available to both the individual nearing the end of life and their caregivers.
Hospice care is provided in specialized, small units designed to cater to the needs of individuals with terminal illnesses and their families.