Cervical osteoarthritis, also known as degenerative disorder or cervical spondylosis, is a condition that affects the joints between the vertebrae in the neck. It primarily occurs in middle-aged and elderly individuals, but in some cases, the degeneration may begin earlier due to factors like an injury, such as a whiplash neck injury sustained in a road traffic accident.
The primary symptoms of cervical osteoarthritis encompass neck pain and stiffness. Additionally, the pressure exerted on the nerves between the affected vertebrae can lead to pain in the arms and shoulders, as well as sensations of numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hands. These symptoms tend to intermittently worsen, with periodic episodes of mild discomfort in between.
In some cases, additional symptoms may manifest due to cervical osteoarthritis. These symptoms can include dizziness, feelings of unsteadiness, and double vision when turning the head. These effects are a result of the pressure exerted on blood vessels that pass through the vertebrae to the brain. Furthermore, although rare, pressure on the spinal cord can lead to leg weakness or paralysis, as well as loss of bladder control.
X-rays and other imaging techniques, including MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), are employed in the diagnosis of cervical osteoarthritis. These imaging procedures enable the visualization of the affected area and aid in confirming the presence of cervical osteoarthritis.
The treatment for severe neck pain and stiffness associated with cervical osteoarthritis may involve various approaches. Heat therapy, supporting the neck with a collar, and the use of analgesic drugs (painkillers) are common methods to alleviate symptoms. Physiotherapy can be beneficial in improving neck posture and movement, particularly once the pain has subsided. In cases where there is pressure on the spinal cord, surgical intervention may be necessary to relieve the compression and restore proper functioning.