Cats harbor a range of parasites and infectious microorganisms that have the potential to be transmitted to humans. While some of these are exclusive to cats, there are others that can also affect dogs.
Rabies is the most severe disease that can be contracted from an infected cat. If an individual is bitten by a cat or any other animal in a country where rabies is prevalent, it is crucial to promptly seek medical advice.
Cat-scratch fever is a rare disease caused by an infection with the bacterium Bartonella henselae, which occurs after being scratched or bitten by a cat.
Cats are often carriers of the protozoan parasite known as Toxoplasma gondii, which is responsible for causing the disease called toxoplasmosis. Infection with this parasite typically occurs through contact with a cat’s feces and is generally not considered serious. However, it can have severe consequences for pregnant women. Infections during early pregnancy can lead to miscarriage or severe fetal malformation. Later in pregnancy, infections can result in nervous system disorders in the fetus and may even cause blindness in early childhood.
Cat feces can also contain eggs of the cat roundworm, which can potentially lead to a condition called toxocariasis. In rare cases, a larva from an ingested roundworm egg can migrate and settle in the eye, resulting in vision deterioration or blindness. Children who play in sand or soil contaminated with cat feces are at risk of encountering these worm eggs.
Other health issues related to cats in humans encompass tinea, which refers to fungal infections affecting the skin, hair, or nails. Specifically, ringworm manifests as circular fungal patches, often found on the scalp. Additionally, cat flea bites can occur, as well as allergic reactions to dander, which are tiny scales originating from animal skin, hair, or feathers. These allergic responses may lead to asthma or urticaria, commonly known as nettle rash.
To prevent diseases transmitted by cats, it is crucial to practice good hygiene, including thorough hand-washing, especially after handling a cat. Regular deworming and flea treatment are recommended for all pets, and veterinary care should be sought promptly if the pet shows signs of illness. These measures play a vital role in minimizing the risk of cat-related diseases.