Abnormalities resulting from the atypical development of the branchial arches, which are paired segmented ridges of tissue found on each side of the throat during embryo formation, can give rise to various disorders. Examples of these disorders include branchial cyst and branchial fistula. These conditions are characterized by irregularities in the structure and functioning of the branchial arches, necessitating medical attention and appropriate management.
A branchial cyst is a gentle, fluid-filled swelling that can manifest on the side of the neck during early adulthood. The fluid within the cyst can range from clear to pus-like in appearance. Typically, the recommended approach for addressing a branchial cyst involves surgical removal as the primary treatment method. By surgically excising the cyst, medical professionals aim to alleviate any symptoms and prevent potential complications associated with this condition.
A branchial fistula is an abnormal passage that forms between the posterior region of the throat and the external surface of the neck. It presents as a small hole, typically observed at birth. Conversely, a branchial cleft sinus refers to a hole in the neck that does not extend to the back of the throat. Both the branchial fistula and cleft sinus may exhibit discharge of mucus or pus. Surgical intervention is often employed to remove these anomalies, aiming to eliminate symptoms and restore normal anatomy.