Tumors that originate in the inner lining of the bladder can give rise to various growths. Papillomas, which resemble small wart-like formations, often exhibit a tendency to reoccur and can potentially progress into cancerous conditions. Additionally, there are more aggressive growths that may not only infiltrate the bladder cavity but also penetrate the bladder wall, affecting neighboring organs such as the colon, rectum, prostate gland, or uterus. The incidence of bladder cancer is higher among individuals who smoke or work in industries associated with dyes and rubber.
Haematuria, which refers to the presence of blood in the urine, serves as the primary indication of bladder cancer. The emergence of a tumor can potentially obstruct either the juncture where the ureter enters the bladder, leading to the accumulation of pressure and subsequent pain in the kidney area, or the exit point of the urethra, resulting in difficulties during urination, such as impaired flow or the inability to fully empty the bladder.
The diagnosis of bladder tumors involves the utilization of cystoscopy, a procedure wherein a specialized tube is inserted through the urethra and into the bladder to visually examine its interior. Additionally, a biopsy is performed to obtain a tissue sample from the affected region for microscopic analysis.
When bladder tumors are small in size, they can be managed through either heat-based treatments or surgical removal. However, it is important to note that these tumors have a tendency to recur within the bladder, necessitating regular follow-up cystoscopy examinations. In cases where the tumors have advanced and spread beyond the bladder wall, treatment options may include radiotherapy or partial/complete removal of the bladder.