A hereditary pattern observed in autosomal gene pairs where the manifestation of a genetic trait is determined by one parent’s gene exerting dominance over the gene inherited from the other parent.
A method of heredity initially outlined by the Austrian monk Gregor Mendel. He ascertained that particular distinct and consistent physical traits are regulated by elements now termed genes, which are passed down through numerous generations. Additionally, he unveiled the presence of dominant and recessive genetic traits.
Mendel developed two principles related to inheritance. The initial one, known as Mendel’s first law or the law of segregation, establishes that an organism’s traits are determined by gene pairs. During reproduction, these gene pairs separate, with just one allele (a gene from the pair) being conveyed within a gamete (egg or sperm cell) and then inherited by an offspring. Mendel’s second law, known as the law of independent assortment, states that genes from different pairs can combine in various ways within gametes, allowing for all conceivable combinations of non-paired genes to be displayed.