Substances that increase the risk of neoplasms in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.
A substance that can induce cancer.
A substance that, when introduced in the body, causes cancer.
A cancer-causing agent.
A substance which causes cancer.
Any substance capable of causing cancer.
Any substance or agent that can produce cancer.
A substance that produces cancer or that causes transformation of a normal cell to a cancerous one.
An environmental agent capable of producing cancer.
A substance which produces a carcinoma or cancer.
An agent that damages DNA sufficient to induce a mutation that in turn leads to uncontrolled cell growth (cancer).
Substances that can cause or increase the risk of cancer.
Specific substance or chemical that gives rise to a cancer, a cancer-forming agent.
An agent capable of causing or promoting cancer. Carcinogens, such as cigarette smoke, can be created by humans, or they may exist naturally in the environment (for example, ultraviolet radiation from the sun). Smoke, sunlight, X rays, and viruses are all known carcinogens, as are asbestos, air pollution, fatty foods, and certain chemicals used to preserve food. Carcinogens cause cancer in different ways. Some change normal cells into cancer cells, while others create conditions that enable other factors to cause cancer.
Any substance that, when exposed to living tissue, may cause the production of a ‘carcinoma. Such substances are known to exist in cigarette smoke and may cause lung cancer. The chemical benzidine, once used in medical laboratories, is also known to be a carcinogen. Many chemicals known to produce cancer in laboratory animals have yet to be proved to do so in man.
Agents, such as tobacco smoke certain chemicals, asbestos fibres and high-dose radiation that have the property of causing cancer.
Any substance or agent that produces cancer or increases the risk of developing cancer in humans or animals.
Carcinogens are substances that cause cancer, such as tobacco, UV radiation from sunlight, and certain chemicals.
Any substance or type of radiation that escalates the likelihood of developing cancer or promotes the progression of an already existing cancer.
A carcinogen refers to any substance or agent with the potential to induce cancer. Examples of carcinogens include tobacco smoke, high-energy radiation, and asbestos fibers.
Chemical substances comprise the largest category of carcinogens. Among them, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are significant. PAHs are present in tobacco smoke, pitch, tar fumes, and soot, and exposure to these compounds can potentially lead to cancer of the respiratory system or skin. Furthermore, certain aromatic amines utilized in the chemical and rubber industries have been associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer following prolonged exposure.
High-energy radiation, including nuclear radiation and X-rays, is widely recognized as a prominent physical carcinogen. Exposure to such radiation can increase the risk of developing cancer. Ultraviolet (UV) light, found in sunlight, is another form of physical carcinogen. Prolonged exposure to UV radiation can contribute to the development of skin cancer. Additionally, asbestos is a well-known physical carcinogen, posing a risk of cancer when its fibers are inhaled.
Exposure to radiation has the potential to induce cancerous alterations in cells, particularly in those that undergo rapid division. For instance, changes in the precursor cells of white blood cells in the bone marrow can lead to the development of leukemia. The degree of risk associated with a carcinogen depends on the dosage and duration of exposure. Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight over many years can result in the formation of skin cancer.
Only a limited number of biological agents have been identified as potential causes of cancer in humans. Schistosoma Haematobium, one of the blood flukes responsible for the tropical disease schistosomiasis, has been linked to bladder cancer. Additionally, Aspergillus Flavus, a fungus known to produce the toxin aflatoxin in stored peanuts and grains, is believed to be associated with the development of liver cancer.
Certain viruses have been identified as having an association with cancer. For example, certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV) are linked to cervical cancer. Hepatitis B and C viruses are associated with liver cancer, and specific types of herpes viruses are associated with Kaposi’s sarcoma and Burkitt’s lymphoma. These viral infections can contribute to the development of these cancerous conditions.
In various industries, carcinogens that are recognized as hazardous may undergo different regulatory approaches. Some carcinogens are prohibited from use altogether. Alternatively, in industries such as nuclear power and hospital X-ray departments, carcinogens may be permitted only under strict conditions. Their usage is allowed if it is deemed essential, with exposure being tightly controlled and limited. Additionally, regular medical screening is provided to workers who handle these substances to ensure their well-being and early detection of any potential health risks.
In non-industrial settings, individuals are generally exposed to a limited number of known, unavoidable, high-risk carcinogens. Any substance that could potentially have carcinogenic properties, such as a food additive, cosmetic ingredient, or chemical for use in drugs, must undergo rigorous evaluation by an authorized regulatory body. For instance, in the UK, the Medicines Control Agency assesses drugs to ensure their safety before they are approved for manufacturing and use. This screening process helps to safeguard public health and mitigate potential risks associated with carcinogenic substances.