Disruption of the bony cortex of the upper arm. If the fracture is of the upper end of the humerus, the arm is abducted and splinted for about 4 weeks. Movements of the elbow and wrist are started early, and active movements of the shoulder are begun in about 3 weeks.
The humerus, or the bone in the upper arm, is frequently fractured at its neck, which is the upper part of the shaft located beneath the head, especially among the elderly. Shaft fractures can occur in adults of any age. On the other hand, fractures at the lower end of the humerus are most commonly seen in children.
Certain complications can occur if the fractured bone ends shift and harm the surrounding tissues. For instance, a fracture in the humerus shaft might result in damage to the radial nerve, leading to wrist-drop in severe cases. Fractures may also coincide with damage to the brachial artery that runs down the inner part of the upper arm. If this damage goes unnoticed, it could disrupt the blood flow to the forearm and hand, leading to a deformity known as Volkmann’s contracture.
An X-ray can be used to detect a fracture in the humerus. If the fracture is at the neck of the bone, typically only a sling is required for immobilization. However, if the fracture is in the shaft or lower part of the bone, a plaster cast is usually necessary. Most humerus fractures heal within six to eight weeks.