A variety of drugs with differing actions are available for the treatment of peptic ulcer, the composite title covering gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer. Peptic ulceration may also involve the lower oesophagus, and after stomach surgery the junction of the stomach and small intestine.
A category of medications employed for treating or preventing stomach or duodenal ulcers. These ulcers arise when the protective mucus layer in these regions is eroded, and irritants target the tissues, leading to the formation of a sore. Causes of peptic ulcers encompass infection by the bacterium Helicobacter Pylori, external irritants like tobacco smoke, alcohol, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as well as excessive stomach acid production.
Ulcer-healing medications operate through various mechanisms. They can either diminish or neutralize stomach acid, or safeguard the ulcerated region, thereby facilitating the recovery of the damaged tissue.
Consistent use of antacid medications can be effective in the gradual healing of duodenal ulcers, as these drugs counteract excessive acid. H2-receptor antagonists function by inhibiting the impact of histamine, a chemical that typically triggers acid release into the stomach. Medications like omeprazole fall under the category of proton pump inhibitors, which function by obstructing the proton pump enzyme system responsible for acid secretion. This halts acid production until the body generates new enzyme supplies. Additionally, other drugs like misoprostol also contribute to reduced acid secretion.
Additional medications for promoting ulcer healing, like sucralfate, are thought to operate by creating a shielding layer atop the ulcer. This barrier facilitates the recovery of the underlying tissues.
Eliminating the Helicobacter pylori infection through antibiotic therapy, coupled with the use of an acid secretion-reducing medication, stands as the preferred approach for treating most instances of peptic ulcers. The selection of ulcer-healing medications might hinge on the duration of symptom occurrence and the appearance of the ulcer during gastroscopy examination. For recent ulcer development, a regimen of acid-blocking medications or antacids typically offers swift relief. In cases of recurring ulcers, antibiotic treatment is often required.
Generally, ulcer-healing medications tend to be devoid of significant side effects. However, if any side effects arise, they might encompass conditions such as diarrhea, constipation, skin rashes, or dizziness. In elderly individuals, H2-receptor antagonists might lead to confusion. It’s important to note that misoprostol can trigger miscarriage or result in fetal abnormalities, making it unsuitable for any woman who is pregnant or might become pregnant.