The protocol which doctors and midwives follow to ensure that the pregnant mother and her fetus are kept in good health, and that the pregnancy and birth have a satisfactory outcome. The pregnant mother is seen regularly at a clinic where, for example, her blood pressure is checked, the growth and development of her child-to-be are carefully assessed, and any problem or potential problems dealt with. Most antenatal care deals with normal pregnancies and is supervised by general practitioners and midwives in primary-care clinics. If any serious problems are identified, the mother can be referred to specialist clinics in hospitals.
The wellbeing of a pregnant woman and her developing baby during the entire duration of pregnancy is of utmost importance to ensure a healthy delivery. This comprehensive care, known as antenatal care, entails scheduled visits to a healthcare professional such as a doctor or midwife. During these visits, various assessments are conducted, including blood and urine tests, abdominal examinations, monitoring of blood pressure, and evaluation of fetal growth. The primary aim of these examinations is to identify any potential diseases or issues that may arise, thereby promoting early detection and appropriate management.
Pregnancies classified as high-risk, such as those involving conditions like hypertension (high blood pressure) or diabetes, necessitate more frequent antenatal visits. In certain situations, the woman may even need to be hospitalized for closer monitoring and supervision.
Ultrasound scans are conducted to detect any potential abnormalities in the developing fetus. In cases where there is a suspected higher risk of chromosomal abnormalities or genetic disorders, procedures such as amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling may be performed. These diagnostic tests help in assessing the genetic health of the fetus. Additionally, electronic fetal monitoring may be employed to monitor the fetal heartbeat, particularly in pregnancies that are deemed high-risk or have exceeded the expected delivery date.
The pregnant woman is also provided with guidance on various general aspects of pregnancy, including recommendations regarding diet, exercise, and techniques to assist her during the childbirth process.