Overgrowth of gum tissue commonly observed in patients treated with anticonvulsants.
Swelling, inflammation, and irritation of the gums. Gingival hyperplasia may be caused by a buildup of plaque, which results in inflamed, swollen gums. Daily brushing and the use of dental floss will remove plaque and keep gums healthy. The condition may also be associated with vitamin deficiencies, certain antiseizure and antihypertensive medications, some glandular disorders, and blood diseases. People who have diabetes and pregnant women may be more susceptible to gingival hyperplasia because of hormonal changes. If the gums bleed or the condition becomes more severe, periodontal disease may be developing. A dentist should be consulted to discuss treatment options; he or she may offer a referral to a periodontist (gum specialist). Often, a gingivectomy has to be performed to eliminate deep periodontal pockets and the inflamed tissue.
Abnormal enlargement of the gums, known as gingival hyperplasia, can have various causes. These include gingivitis (inflammation of the gums), poorly fitting dentures, habitual mouth breathing, and the use of the anticonvulsant drug phenytoin. In some cases, surgical treatment may be necessary to address the issue.