A substance, both a hormone and neurotransmitter, secreted by the adrenal medulla and the nerve endings of the sympathetic nervous system to cause vasoconstriction and increases in heart rate, blood pressure, and the sugar level of the blood. Also called levarterenol, noradrenalin.
An excitatory neurotransmitter released by the brain and a stress hormone; figures in mood, motivation, focus, and attention.
A catecholamine neurotransmitter related to epinephrine that is found in both the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system (CNS). Functional excesses of norepinephrine in the brain have been implicated in the pathogenesis of manic states; functional deficits have been implicated in the pathogenesis of certain depressive states. Also called noradrenaline.
Hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla together with adrenaline; also a neurotransmitter. Physiological effects similar to those of adrenaline. Also known as norepinephrine (US terminology).
A neurotransmitter and hormone involved in attention, perception, and memory and is known for “fight, flight, or freeze” responses.
A catecholamine neurotransmitter related to epinephrine. It is found in both the peripheral and central nervous sijstems. Functional excesses in the brain have been implicated in the pathogenesis of manic states; deficits, in certain depressive states. Also called noradrenaline.
A hormone primarily secreted by the adrenal medulla gland in conjunction with epinephrine in response to threatening situations.
A neurohormone released from sympathetic nerve endings and the adrenal gland, which can cause hypertension by constricting arteries and arterioles and can increase the rate and contraction of the heart.
A neurohormone that activates nervous impulses in the sympathetic nervous system is normally stored in the nerve endings.
A hormone secreted by the adrenal glands resulting in a stress reaction. Also called noradrenaline.
A neurotransmitter released in response to stress; part of the “fight or flight” response. Acts as a vasoconstrictor. Produced by the adrenal medulla and the sympathetic nervous system. It is released by the nerve endings and crosses the nerve junctions to stimulate subsequent neural fibers.
A neurotransmitter that creates drive, energy, and arousal; norepinephrine is considered the body’s natural stimulant.
A neurotransmitter that is important in certain brain pathways and in the terminal synapses of the sympathetic nervous system.
Hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter released at nerve endings. It constricts small blood vessels, raises blood pressure, slows heart rate, increases the rate of breathing, and relaxes the smooth muscles of the intestinal tract.
One of the two principal hormones synthesized by the adrenal medulla (the inner layer of the adrenal glands). Norepinephrine and epinephrine regulate heart rate and blood pressure. They stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, the part of the autonomic nervous system that predominates at times of stress. The two hormones are largely responsible for the fight-or-flight response and help the body resist stress.
A hormone, closely related to epinephrine and with similar actions, secreted by the medulla of the adrenal gland and also released as a neurotransmitter by sympathetic nerve endings. Among its many actions are constriction of small blood vessels leading to an increase in blood pressure, increased blood flow through the coronary arteries and a slowing of the heart rate, increase in the rate and depth of breathing, and relaxation of the smooth muscle in intestinal walls.
A hormone produced by the adrenal medulla, similar in chemical and pharmacological properties to epinephrine but chiefly a vasoconstrictor with little effect on cardiac output.
A neurotransmitter that functions mostly in the sympathetic nervous system and increases blood pressure by narrowing the blood vessels.
A neurotransmitter secreted by nerve cells as well as the adrenal medulla, norepinephrine serves the purpose of inducing vasoconstriction in blood vessels. Additionally, it performs the crucial role of functioning as a neurotransmitter.