A term describing a test that attempts not to be biased toward children of White, comfortably middle-class, English-speaking, two-parent family backgrounds. Many tests used with children, especially intelligence tests that purport to measure “pure” mental ability, have been criticized for discriminating unfairly against children of other backgrounds in the content, vocabulary, and assumptions of their questions. Many testing organizations have attempted to respond to these criticisms by rewriting their tests or by making other tests for children of differing backgrounds, but controversy still remains. Parents whose family backgrounds are in any way unusual, especially in the areas of language and culture in the home, should try to see that no tests given to their children have such built-in biases and that school officials are aware of any special circumstances in a child’s background that might affect test performance.