Hydrocephalus is a condition that is caused by abnormal buildup or accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles or subarachnoid space of the brain. As a result, intracranial pressure is increased by overproduction of CSF, obstruction of the flow of CSF, or failure to reabsorb the fluid. Hydrocephalus can be either congenital with an early onset or acquired. The principal etiologies of congenital hydrocephalus include Dandy-Walker syndrome (DWS), neural tube defects, aqueductal stenosis, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and complications from hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy affecting premature infants (Fletcher, Dennis, & Northrup, 2000).