Dyslexia, or reading disability, is characterized by low reading achievement, as measured by an individually administered standardized test of reading accuracy or comprehension that is substantially below what would be expected given an individual’s chronological age, measured intelligence (IQ), and age-appropriate education. It should be noted, however, that recent studies have demonstrated that the same component processes and underlying neuropsychological deficits are present in poor readers, regardless of their general cognitive potential . Thus, the application of an IQ discrepancy criterion may underdiagnose dyslexia in those individuals with lower cognitive ability.