Upon diagnosis, glucose management through exercise, diet control, blood glucose assessment, and regular physician assessment can optimize the health status of the patient. Glucose management may include insulin replacement and/or the use of hypoglycemic drugs. Exercise will assist glucose use by the muscles. Weight control, if necessary, will also promote normalization of blood glucose. Physician assessment should include regular examination of eyes, renal function, and the function of the vascular system. The latter should include assessment of blood pressure, blood lipids, and cardiovascular function. Medications to help normalize these functions may be needed.