Coltsfoot commonly known as Tussilago farfara is a low growing perennial herb that has fleshy and woolly leaves. British Tobacco, Butterbur, Bullsfoot, Coughwort, Foal’s-Foot, Rower Velure, Horse-Foot, Hallfoot, Horsehoof, Ass’s Foot, Fieldhove, Foalswort and Donnhove are its further common names. It is commonly found in England in the sides of railway banks, in wet ground, on poor stiff soils and in waste places. This plant is inherent to Europe but also could be found in Canada and United States in sandy places. Coltsfoot has become an inherent part of folk medicine in China for the centuries. Coltsfoot belongs to the daisy family Asteraceae that possess a yellow to golden flower which could be found in spring. When the flower blooms in spring, it resembles common dandelion. The leaves of hoof shaped emerge after the stem dies. The seeds are used to stuff pillows and mattresses.
Plant
Coltsfoot is a perennial herb that grows up to the height of 2-20 inches (5-50 cm). It is available in open and disturbed areas. Also could be found on forest edges, roadsides and steep slopes which are prone to landslides. It is tolerable to wet and poorly drained areas as well as riverbanks that are vulnerable to spring flooding.
Flowers
Flowers look alike common dandelion which are small with disc florets and yellow ray florets. Ray florets are fertile whereas disc florets are sterile. Each flowers measures about 0.6 in. (1.5 cm) across that is surrounded by an involuntary bracts. It consists of five stamens. The flowers bloom in early spring. The stems of flowers comprises of wooly hairs and scaly bracts and measures 5-15 cm (2 to 6) inches high.
Seeds
The achenes like seeds that possess small pappus that resembles common dandelion. It is small nutlet of 0.3-0.4 cm (0.1-0.2 inch) long. Each seed weighs about 0.3 mg.
Leaves
After the flowers become mature, then the leaves of Coltsfoot appears which grows in form of basal rosette. Leaves have long petioled and are of heart shaped measuring to the length of 5 to 20 cm (2-8 inches).
Root
The primary tap root grows deep of 5-10 cm (2-4 inches) before the leaves appear. After germination of 3-4 months the primary root dies. Meanwhile, the adventitious roots of 1.5 m (5 feet) deep forms from first nodes of stem. Coltsfoots possess extensive and deep rhizomes.