Health benefits of Coco de Mer nut

Plant Description

Coco de Mer nut comes from a slow-growing, very large, single-stemmed, evergreen palm that grows about 25–34 m (82–111.5 ft) tall. It doesn’t have any arms and only has one stem. When measured from the ground after it was cut down, the biggest tree on record was 56.7 m (186 ft) tall.  Coco de Mer palms do best in sandy soil that drains well. Most of the time, they grow near the coast where the earth is sandy and full of organic matter. The Coco de Mer nut is famous for its large size and unique shape, which looks like a person’s hips or buttocks. It is often called the “double coconut” because its lobes are joined. Coco de Mer palms are highly endangered because their habitats are being destroyed, they are being used up, and they don’t have much room to live. To protect the Coco de Mer nut species, there are strict rules about how they can be harvested, traded, and owned.

The Coco de Mer nut is very important to the Seychelles in both natural and cultural ways. Several animals that are only found on the Seychelles, such as the Seychelles black parrot, the Seychelles bulbul, and several kinds of gecko, use this palm for shelter and food. Islanders have made baskets, mats, thatch for houses, and other things with the leaves. The dried seeds that had been cut out were used to store liquids. Some cultures mistakenly think that the seeds are a strong aphrodisiac. Poaching and illegal trade have made this very dangerous for wild species.

Appropriate growing environment of Coco de Mer nut

The Coco de Mer palm is native to the Seychelles islands in the Indian Ocean. It requires a specific tropical environment to thrive. Here are the key factors that constitute an appropriate growing environment for the Coco de Mer nut:

• Climate: Coco de Mer palms grow best in a tropical area with high temperatures and lots of moisture. They need warm weather all year long, with few changes in temperature.
• Sunlight: For these palms to grow and make healthy nuts, they need a lot of sunshine. They usually do best in places that get a lot of sun.
• Rainfall: Coco de Mer palms can only grow if they get enough rain and it falls evenly. They do best in places that get a lot of rain every year, usually between 2,000 and 4,000 millimetres.
• Well–Draining Soil: Coco de Mer palms like soft soil that drains well. Most of the time, they grow near the coast where the earth is sandy and full of organic matter.
• Salt Tolerance: Coco de Mer palms can handle some salt because they are often found near the coast. They can handle the salty air and a little bit of salt water.
• Wind Protection: During the early stages of their growth, these palms need some shelter from strong winds. Windbreaks, whether they are made by nature or by people, can be helpful.
• Elevation: Coco de Mer palms tend to grow between sea level and about 50 meters above sea level. Most of the time, they live in lowlands.
• Island Environment: These palms are native to the Seychelles islands and have grown to fit the unique environment of the islands.

Roots

The Coco de Mer palm grows roots that aren’t part of the main root system. These are called adventitious roots. These roots grow out of the bottom of the trunk and help keep the tall, heavy tree stable and strong. Coco de Mer palms, like many other types of palms, have prop roots or brace roots. Prop roots start at the base of the trunk and grow down into the ground. They strengthen the tree’s base and keep it from falling over in strong winds or storms. These roots are important because they hold the tree down and help it stay alive in its natural environment, which is often hit by hurricanes and tropical storms.

During its early stages of growth, the Coco de Mer palm usually grows a strong taproot. The taproot goes deep into the ground, which lets the tree get water and nutrients from the deeper layers of dirt. As the tree grows older, the taproot system becomes less important, and the side roots, such as the adventitious and prop roots, take over the job of holding the tree down and giving it support.

Stem

The stem is strong and can grow up to 25 to 34 meters (82 to 112 feet) high. It is one of the largest palm trees and the tallest palm tree that grows naturally in the Seychelles. The Coco de Mer palm grows in a monopodial way, which means that it only has one main stem or root that keeps growing up. This is what makes the palm look tall and straight. The stem is in the shape of a cylinder, and the width is mostly the same from the bottom to the top. In grown trees, the diameter of the stem can be anywhere from 30 to 45 centimetres (12 to 18 inches).

The surface of the stem is usually smooth and worn down because it has been exposed to wind, rain, and sunshine for a long time. The stem is made up of tightly packed fibers that make it very strong and hard to break or bend. This strength of structure is needed to hold up the heavy head of big leaves and the huge Coco de Mer nuts. The plant grows slowly, and it can take several decades for it to be able to make babies. The Coco de Mer palm is thought to be a long-lived species because it grows slowly and takes a long time to have babies.

Bark

The “bark,” which is what most people call the outside of a Coco de Mer nut, is made up of several layers that work together to protect the seed inside. The exocarp is the layer on the outside. The tough, leathery, dark-brown skin on the outside of the nut covers the whole thing. The exocarp protects the plant from direct damage and keeps water from escaping. It is also what gives the top of the nut its shiny look. Under the exocarp is a thick layer of fibers called the mesocarp. The mesocarp protects the seed even more and is very important for absorbing shock and pressure from falls or other outside forces. This layer also has a lot of water, which helps the seed stay moist as it grows.

The endocarp is the layer of bark that is closest to the fruit. The real seed is inside of a hard, woody shell. The endocarp protects the seed from being eaten by animals or being damaged by the surroundings. Its strength helps the seed last longer and gives it a better chance of growing when conditions are right.

Leaves

The leaves are just as beautiful and important to the plant’s growth and life. The leaf blade, also called the lamina, is the big, flat, fan-shaped part of the leaf that collects sunlight for photosynthesis. It can get as long as 25 feet (7.5 meters) and as wide as 10 feet (3 meters). The blade of the leaf is made up of many pieces that spread out from the point where it is attached to the petiole. These pieces look like feathers, which is a unique and attractive look. The long, strong stalk that ties the leaf blade to the main trunk or stem is called the petiole. It holds up the big, heavy leaf blade so it can get enough sunlight. The petiole can be a few meters long and is covered with sharp, curved thorns that protect the plant from animals and climbers.

The part of the petiole that goes past the base of the leaf blade is called the rachis. It goes through the middle of the leaf blade and holds the leaflet pieces together. The leaf blade is made up of smaller parts called leaflet segments. They are set up in a feather-like design along the rachis. There can be anywhere from 200 to 250 segments on a leaf blade. The number of segments can change, though. These parts are long and have a leathery feel, which adds to the majestic look of the palm as a whole. The veins in the leaf blade and leaflet parts are parallel, which means that they run in the same direction from the base of the leaf to the tip. This arrangement of veins makes it easier for water, nutrients, and products of photosynthesis to move through the leaf.

Flowers

Flowers are interesting, and each one has its own structure that helps the plant reproduce. The Coco de Mer palm is dioecious, which means that the male and female flowers are on different plants. The male inflorescence is a big, cylindrical structure that grows from the base of the leaves. It can grow up to 3 feet (1 meter) long and is made up of groups of many male flowers. The bracts, which are changed leaves, cover and guard the inflorescence. Each male flower is only about an inch and a half (2.5 centimetres) across. They look like tubes and have six stamens, which are the male centers of reproduction. The pollen from these stamens includes the male gametes that are needed for fertilization. When the male flowers are ready, they release their pollen, which is taken by the wind to the female flowers on different Coco de Mer palm trees. Pollination is more likely to work because the male flowers are big and there is a lot of pollen.

The female bloom is much bigger than the male inflorescence. It looks like a large pineapple or coconut and has a round shape. It also has protected bracts on it. At the bottom of the female cluster is where the female flowers are. Each female flower is about 5 centimetres (2 inches) across and has three lobes that make it look like a star. The pistil, which is the female sexual organ, is the only part of the female flower. Pollination of the palm is done by the wind. The wind carries the pollen from the male flowers to the female flowers on different trees. The wind makes sure that the pollen gets to the female flowers, even if they are on neighboring islands. This increases genetic variety and makes sure that the flowers get fertilized. After being pollinated, the female flowers turn into the huge Coco de Mer nuts that everyone knows and loves.

Fruits

The Coco de Mer nut has an unusual shape that looks like a woman’s crotch or a coconut with two lobes. The two wings, which are called “valves,” are separate and symmetrical, which gives it its distinctive look. The nut’s outside is smooth, hard, and usually dark brown or black in color. It looks shiny and doesn’t break down easily, which makes it a great adaptation for spreading by ocean currents. Inside the nut is a big amount of endosperm, which is the healthy tissue that surrounds the seed. This kernel makes up most of the weight of the nut and can be eaten.

Seed

The seed is small compared to the size of the nut as a whole. It is long and oval, with a sharp point at one end. Inside the seed is an embryonic plant that is growing. When conditions are right for sprouting, the embryo has all the parts that will eventually grow into a new Coco de Mer palm seedling. There are several layers that cover the seed. These layers protect the baby from damage and stress from the outside world. The hard shell of the nut itself is the first layer of protection. The real seed is then surrounded by several layers of thin membrane.

The large endosperm that covers the seed is full of good things for the body. It acts as a food reserve for the forming embryo, giving it the energy and nutrients it needs to start growing until it can get food from the soil. Most of the time, water currents spread the seeds. When the nut falls from the tree, the waves around it can carry it away. The nut’s hard, buoyant shell helps it float, which helps it spread across seas over long distances.

Varieties of Coco de Mer nut

Coco de Mer or the Seychelles nut is a species of palm tree native to the Seychelles archipelago in the Indian Ocean. It is renowned for producing the largest and heaviest seeds of any plant in the world. Here are some details about the varieties of Coco de Mer nut:

• Lodoicea maldivica var. maritima: This variety of Coco de Mer is found in coastal regions of the Seychelles islands. It has adapted to grow in sandy soils and tolerates the salt spray from the sea. The leaves of this variety are often more robust, and the plants may be slightly smaller compared to other varieties.
• Lodoicea maldivica var. rostrata: The seed of this variety has a long, beak-like extension that can be up to 50 cm long. The shape of the seed is thought to look like a woman’s pelvis, which has led to many myths and tales about the Coco de Mer.
• Lodoicea maldivica var. purpurea: This rare type of Coco de Mer has leaves that are purple or reddish in color. Anthocyanins, which are made by plants, are what give some plants their red, blue, and purple colors. This is why the leaves are colored.
• Lodoicea maldivica var. montana: This type grows in the mountainous areas of some of the Seychelles islands, which are at higher levels. It is better able to handle cooler temps and different conditions than coastal varieties.

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Coco de Mer nut Image Gallery

Health benefits of Coco de Mer nut

Coco de Mer nut shares some potential health benefits with other types of nuts and seeds due to its nutrient composition. The nut is known to be a good source of essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and healthy fats, including potassium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, zinc, and essential fatty acids like oleic and linoleic acid. Based on its nutritional profile, the following health benefits can be associated with Coco de Mer nut:

1. Heart Health

The Coco de Mer nut may be good for your heart health, like many nuts and seeds. Potassium is known to help control blood pressure, which is important for the health of the heart and blood vessels. Also, polyunsaturated fats like oleic acid might help lower LDL cholesterol levels and reduce the chance of getting heart disease.

2. Antioxidant Properties

Because it has things like tocopherols and carotenoids, coco de mer nut might have antioxidant qualities. 4. Antioxidants help get rid of dangerous free radicals in the body, which could reduce reactive stress and damage to cells.

3. Immune Support

Coco de Mer nut has vitamins and minerals, such as zinc, that can help support the immune system and improve general health.

4. Skin and Hair Care

The oil from the Coco de Mer nut is sometimes used in hair treatments and items for the skin. The oil might help keep the skin and hair hydrated and healthy by moisturizing them.

5. Energy Boost

Coco de Mer nut is a high-calorie food that is full of healthy fats and carbs. When eaten in balance, it may give you a quick and long-lasting energy boost, making it a great snack for people who need a pick-me-up.

6. Brain Health

The fact that Coco de Mer nut has essential fatty acids like omega-3 and omega-6 says that it might be good for brain health. The shape and function of brain cells depend on these fatty acids, and eating them has been linked to better brain function and mental health.

7. Bone Health

Minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium, which are important for bone health, are found in the nut. Getting enough of these nutrients can help build strong bones and stop problems with bones.

8. Digestive Health

Coco de Mer nuts have dietary fiber, which is an important part of a healthy digestive system. Getting enough fiber can help avoid constipation and keep your digestive system healthy.

9. Nutrient Absorption

The good fats in Coco de Mer nut may make it easier for the body to absorb fat-soluble vitamins like A, D, E, and K from other foods eaten at the same time.

10. Anti-inflammatory Properties

Even though they haven’t been studied in depth, bioactive substances in some nuts and seeds have shown to have anti-inflammatory effects. It’s possible that Coco de Mer nut could also help reduce inflammation, but this needs more research.

11. Antimicrobial Potential

Traditional medicine says that the Coco de Mer nut has many health benefits, including antibacterial effects. Even though this needs more research, it suggests that Coco de Mer nuts could be used to make natural medicines.

12. Metabolic Health

Coco de Mer nut may be good for metabolic health because it has healthy fats, fiber, and important nutrients. Researchers have found a link between eating nuts and seeds and better blood sugar control and insulin sensitivity. This could be helpful for people with diabetes or who are at risk of getting type 2 diabetes.

13. Weight Management

Coco de Mer nut has a lot of calories, but it can still be part of a healthy diet that helps you control your weight. Fiber and healthy fats in the nut make you feel fuller, which could help you eat fewer calories total and control your weight.

14. Joint Health

Coco de Mer nut may be good for joint health because it has anti-inflammatory compounds and important minerals in it. Getting rid of inflammation and keeping the balance of minerals could help improve joint comfort and movement.

15. Liver Support

Some studies show that some nutrients in nuts and seeds, like vitamin E and healthy fats, may be good for the health of the liver and help it do its job of detoxing.

16. Mood Enhancement

In general, the nutrients in nuts and seeds, like omega-3 fatty acids, have been linked to a better mood and a lower chance of depression. Even though this hasn’t been studied in relation to Coco de Mer nut, it might have the same benefits.

17. Potential Anticancer Properties

Some substances in nuts and seeds, like phytosterols and antioxidants, have been looked at to see if they might help fight cancer. Even though study in this area is still new and not specific to Coco de Mer nut, the fact that it has antioxidants suggests that it might help protect against diseases caused by oxidative stress.

18. Mineral-Rich Nutrition

Coco de Mer nuts can help you get some of the minerals you need every day, like potassium, magnesium, and zinc. These important minerals all play different roles in keeping the body healthy and working well.

Culinary Uses of Coco de Mer nut

The Coco de Mer nut is generally not used in mainstream culinary practices due to its rarity, protected status, and cultural significance. However, there have been historical and traditional uses associated with it in the Seychelles:

• Traditional Dishes: The seed of the Coco de Mer nut has been used in traditional foods. The meat of the nut can be grated or ground into a paste. This paste is then used in some recipes. In these traditional ways, the paste from the nuts might be mixed with other items to make new dishes.
• Beverages: People have made drinks from the liquid inside the Coco de Mer nut. It can be drunk as a refreshing drink on its own or mixed with other things to make it taste even better.
• Condiments and Flavorings: The meat of a Coco de Mer nut could be used to add flavor or texture to different foods. It has a unique taste and texture that could make both sweet and savory recipes more interesting.
• Experimental Cuisine: Some cooks and foodies might try the Coco de Mer nut as an unusual ingredient in modern cooking. But this would probably be done with great care and respect for the nut’s traditional value and the fact that it is an endangered species.
• Tourist and Special Occasion Dishes: Some Seychellois resorts and high-end restaurants might have meals or desserts that are made especially with Coco de Mer nuts. Tourists could be given a unique and memorable eating experience through these options.
• Nut Butters and Spreads: The seed of a Coco de Mer nut could be turned into nut butters or spreads. You could put these on bread or crackers or use them in recipes that call for nut-based spreads.
• Ice Cream and Desserts: The Coco de Mer nut’s meat has a unique taste and texture that could be used in ice cream or other desserts. It could be added to standard ice cream flavors or used in custards, mousses, or tarts to make them taste more exotic.
• Infused Oils and Extracts: Extracting the flavor and smell of the Coco de Mer nut and putting it into oils or extracts could be a way to use its unique qualities in different ways in the kitchen.
• Garnishes: Thin slices or shavings of the Coco de Mer nut could be used to add a touch of elegance and mystery to a variety of meals, from salads to main courses.
• Cocktails and Mock tails: The liquid from the Coco de Mer nut could be used as an ingredient in drinks or mock tails. It would give them a unique flavor and add an element of surprise.
• Exotic Sauces: The flesh of the nut could be turned into a sauce that gives savory meals a rich and unique taste. This could be looked into in both native Seychellois food and fusion food.
• Baked Goods: By adding Coco de Mer nuts to baked goods like cakes, muffins, and pastries, you could add a new flavor and texture layer.
• Chocolates and Confections: The flavor of the Coco de Mer nut would go well with chocolate or could be added to sweets like truffles or pralines.
• Fruit Salads: You can add diced or thinly sliced Coco de Mer nut meat to fruit salads made with exotic fruits. Its unique texture and taste can make the mix of veggies more interesting.
• Chutneys and Relishes: The Coco de Mer nut’s meat can be used to make chutneys or relishes. These could go with a variety of meals because they are both sweet and savory.
• Marinades and Glazes: Mix the liquid from the Coco de Mer nut with things like herbs, spices, and citrus to make marinades or glazes. This can give grilled meats or fish a tropical flavor.
• Savory Dishes: Use Coco de Mer nuts in savory recipes such as rice pilafs, stir-fries, and curries. It has a unique taste that can add a new twist to old recipes.
• Fusion Cuisine: Mix the flavors of the Coco de Mer nut with those of foods from all over the world to make meals that are new and different.
• Mock Nut Cheese: The Coco de Mer nut’s flesh can be turned into a creamy texture and used as a base for “cheese” substitutes that don’t contain dairy.
• Coco de Mer Nut Energy Bars: To make homemade energy bars or bites, mix the paste from the nuts with dried fruits, nuts, and other natural ingredients.
• Exotic Smoothies: Add the meat or liquid from Coco de Mer nuts to fruit smoothies for a unique and healthy boost.
• Coco de Mer Nut-infused Vinegar: By adding Coco de Mer nut pieces to vinegar, you can make a unique ingredient that can be used in dressings, stews, and marinades.
• Coco de Mer Nut Sweets: Use the nut’s flesh or juice to make sweet treats like fudge, caramels, or nougats.
• Coco de Mer Nut Stuffed Pastries: Use the meat of the nut to make pastries or turnovers.
• Coco de Mer Nut Toppings: Toasted Coco de Mer nut pieces can be used as a topping for yogurt, oatmeal, or sweets.

Different uses of Coco de Mer nut

Listed here are various uses of the Coco de Mer nut:

• Decorative Art: The Coco de Mer nut is a sought-after decorative item because of its unique size and shape. It is often used as a focal point or artistic element in interior design.
• Symbolic Gifts: The Coco de Mer nut is sometimes given as a symbolic gift at weddings, birthdays, and other important events because it is linked to sexuality and fertility.
• Craftsmanship: Coco de Mer nuts are carved, polished, and shaped by skilled craftspeople into elaborate sculptures, jewelry, and decorations that show off their natural beauty and skill.
• Cultural Ceremonies: In Seychellois ceremonies and festivals, the nut has a traditional and ritual meaning. It stands for life, growth, and harmony.
• Tourist Souvenirs: In places where Coco de Mer nuts can be legally gotten, they are often made into gifts like key chains, magnets, or small sculptures for tourists.
• Educational Displays: Coco de Mer nuts can be used in museums and educational centers to teach people about the unique plants and people of the Seychelles.
• Botanical Research: Scientists might study the Coco de Mer nut to learn more about how it grows, how it reproduces, and what role it plays in the environment where it lives.
• Conservation Awareness: Because Coco de Mer nuts are hard to find and are protected, they can be used to show how important it is to protect endangered species and environments.
• Photography and Art: Photographers and artists can use the Coco de Mer nut as a subject, capturing its natural beauty and cultural importance in different ways.
• Local Economy: Responsible trade can help the local economy in places where Coco de Mer nuts are picked in a way that doesn’t hurt the environment.
• Ethno botanical Exploration: Researchers and ethno botanists can look into how the Coco de Mer nut has been used in the past and in Seychellois culture.
• Medicinal Traditions: Even though there isn’t a lot of information about it, there may be health benefits to looking into how different parts of the nut were used in traditional treatment.
• Environmental Awareness: The Coco de Mer nut can be a warning of how fragile some ecosystems are and how important it is to protect the environment around the world.
• Storytelling and Myths: The nut’s unique shape has inspired legends and myths in countries all over the world. This makes it a great subject for stories.
• Scientific Research: Scientists might look at how the Coco de Mer nut grows, how it reproduces, and how different its genes are to learn more about plant evolution and ecology.
• Botanical Gardens: Coco de Mer nuts are sometimes put on display in botanical parks all over the world to show off their unique shape and bring attention to the diversity of plants and animals on Seychellois.
• Natural History Collections: Museums and other places that teach can keep Coco de Mer nuts as part of their collections to record and teach about rare and exotic species.
• Cultural Exhibitions: Coco de Mer nuts can be part of culture exhibits that show the history, traditions, and folklore of the Seychelles.
• Writing and Literature: The mystery and symbolism of the Coco de Mer nut can make writers, artists, and storytellers want to use it in their work.
• Eco-Tourism: Ecotourism activities may include guided tours that teach people about the Coco de Mer palm and its environment in a responsible and sustainable way.
• Environmental Art Installations: Coco de Mer nuts can be used by artists in temporary or permanent works that have to do with the environment and conservation.
• Symbol of the Seychelles: The Coco de Mer nut is often used as a national symbol of the Seychelles. It shows up on government emblems, logos, and flags.
• Sculptural Furniture: Some artists make furniture that uses or is inspired by the shape of the Coco de Mer nut, making unique and artistic pieces that can be used.
• Architectural Elements: The shape of the Coco de Mer nut may be used to create things like building facades, sculptures, or decorative motifs.
• Community Workshops: The Coco de Mer nut could be the focus of activities at community groups or cultural events, which would help people get involved and learn more.
• Ethical Trade: When they are properly and ethically gathered, the sale of Coco de Mer nuts can help local communities and give people a way to make a living.
• Botanical Illustration: Artists and illustrators can use the Coco de Mer nut as a subject for botanical illustrations that show all of its intricate features.
• Corporate Sustainability Initiatives: Companies that care about the environment and want to be more sustainable could use the Coco de Mer nut in their branding or company projects.
• Online Educational Resources: The Coco de Mer nut can be used in online resources, videos, and documentaries that raise knowledge about rare plant species and the need to protect them.

Side effects of Coco de Mer nut

If you’re considering consuming or using Coco de Mer nuts for any purpose, it’s recommended to exercise caution and consider the following:

• Allergies: Even though there isn’t much known about Coco de Mer nut allergies, it’s possible that people with nut allergies could be sensitive to the proteins in the nut. If you are allergic to nuts, it is best not to eat or touch them.
• Contamination: Like any other food, Coco de Mer nuts could be tainted with microbes or other harmful substances if they are not treated correctly.
• Conservation Status: Coco de Mer nuts are a protected species because they are so rare and important. As their harvest and trade are controlled in many places, it’s important to make sure you get them in a legal and moral way.
• Unfamiliarity: Because Coco de Mer nuts aren’t often eaten, it’s possible that eating a lot of them or eating them in a way you’re not used to could make your stomach hurt.
• Digestive Sensitivity: Because Coco de Mer nuts aren’t something most people eat, eating a lot of them or eating them if you aren’t used to them could cause digestion problems like bloating or an upset stomach.
• Unfamiliar Allergens: Even though there isn’t much known about Coco de Mer nut allergens, it’s possible that some people could be allergic to certain compounds in the nut. If you are allergic to other kinds of nuts, you should be careful if you try Coco de Mer nuts.
• Processing Methods: There is a chance that microbes or other dangerous substances could get into the Coco de Mer nuts if they were processed in a way that didn’t follow hygiene and food safety rules.
• Conservation Concerns: It’s important to think about how well the Coco de Mer palm and its nuts are protected. Due to how rare it is, the nut is protected, and its trade and capture are controlled in many places. It is very important to make sure that sources are ethical and legal.
• Cultural and Symbolic Significance: Keep in mind the Coco de Mer nut’s cultural and symbolic meaning, especially in the Seychellois setting. If you use it in a rude or insulting way, there could be cultural consequences.

References:

https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=506728#null

https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.31155

https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=245388&isprofile=0&

https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/LODMA

http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-115067

https://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Lodoicea_maldivica_(PROTA)

https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Lodoicea+maldivica

https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=LOMA8

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