Types of Palpitations
While they are often harmless, some types may indicate more serious health concerns. Understanding the different types of palpitations can help you identify their causes and determine when to seek medical attention. Here’s a look at the most common types of palpitations and what they might mean for your health.
- Extrasystolic palpitations
- Tachycardiac palpitations
- Anxiety-related palpitations
- Pulsation palpitations
- Premature atrial contractions (PACs)
- Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)
- Atrial fibrillation palpitations
- Atrial flutter palpitations
- Supraventricular tachycardia palpitations
- Ventricular tachycardia palpitations
- Sinus tachycardia palpitations
- “Skipped beat” or “missed beat” sensations
- “Fluttering” sensations in the chest
- “Pounding” sensations in the chest or neck
Common Causes of palpitations
From lifestyle habits to underlying medical issues, understanding the common causes of palpitations can help you identify potential triggers and know when it’s time to consult a healthcare professional. Here are some of the most frequent causes of palpitations and how they might affect your heart.
- Stress and anxiety
- Caffeine consumption
- Alcohol intake
- Nicotine use
- Strenuous exercise
- Dehydration
- Lack of sleep
- Hormonal changes (e.g. during pregnancy or menopause)
- Certain medications (e.g. decongestants, asthma inhalers)
- Low blood sugar
- Anemia
- Thyroid disorders (hyperthyroidism)
- Electrolyte imbalances
- Fever
- Arrhythmias (irregular heart rhythms)
- Structural heart problems
- Panic attacks
- Recreational drug use (e.g. cocaine, amphetamines)
- Certain medical conditions (e.g. COPD, heart failure)
- Dietary supplements and herbal remedies
Best herbs for Palpitations
Herbs offer a compelling alternative to conventional medications for managing heart palpitations due to their efficacy, safety, and holistic approach. For instance, Melissa officinalis, commonly known as lemon balm, has been shown to significantly reduce the frequency and intensity of palpitations without serious side effects, as demonstrated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) also provides a rich repository of herbal treatments tailored to specific syndromes associated with palpitations, such as heart-blood deficiency and heart-yang flaccidity, using herbs like astragalus and Radix Aconiti. Moreover, botanical treatments are often preferred because antiarrhythmic drugs can sometimes exacerbate arrhythmias or cause other serious adverse effects, making safer herbal options highly desirable. The holistic nature of herbal medicine, which often includes nourishing the heart and strengthening the spleen, aligns well with the principles of TCM and offers a comprehensive approach to treating palpitations. Thus, the use of herbs not only addresses the symptoms but also supports overall cardiovascular health, making them a viable and often preferable option for many patients.
1. Lemon Balm
Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) has shown promising potential in alleviating heart palpitations, making it a natural remedy worth considering for those experiencing this condition. A study conducted over a two-week period demonstrated that participants using lemon balm experienced a significant 36.8% reduction in palpitation episodes compared to their baseline. The lyophilized aqueous extract of lemon balm leaves has been suggested as a safe and effective herbal treatment for benign palpitations. This calming herb contains chemicals that exhibit sedative properties, which may contribute to its ability to regulate irregular heart rhythms and nervous palpitations.
What Research Says?
- Based on research carried out by Frontiers in Physiology, Lemon balm has been traditionally used for heart palpitations, and its effects have been confirmed in human subjects. The proposed mechanisms include antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory effects, and modulation of heart receptors and channels.
- As per studies undertaken by Nutrients and Phytotherapy Research, Lemon balm has demonstrated anxiolytic effects, which could indirectly benefit heart palpitations by reducing anxiety, a common trigger for palpitations.
How to Use
Lemon balm can be consumed in various forms to help manage palpitations. For optimal results, try drinking lemon balm tea by steeping 1-2 teaspoons of dried leaves in hot water for 5-10 minutes, up to three times daily. Alternatively, take 300-600mg of lemon balm extract in capsule form, following the manufacturer’s instructions. Tinctures are another option, with 2-3ml taken up to three times daily. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any new herbal regimen, especially if you have existing heart conditions or are taking medications.
Potential side effects of Lemon Balm
While generally considered safe, lemon balm may cause side effects in some individuals. These can include headaches, nausea, bloating, gas, vomiting, indigestion, dizziness, and stomach pain. Some people may experience anxiety, restlessness, irritability, sleep disturbances, reduced appetite, or decreased concentration. In rare cases, skin rashes or heart palpitations have been reported.
Who should avoid Lemon Balm
Individuals with thyroid disorders should avoid lemon balm, as it may affect thyroid function and interfere with thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should also exercise caution due to limited safety research. Those taking sedatives or medications that affect serotonin levels should consult their healthcare provider before using lemon balm.
Interaction with medications
Lemon balm may interact with several medications. It can enhance the effects of sedatives and CNS depressants, potentially causing excessive drowsiness. Thyroid medications may be affected, as lemon balm can interfere with thyroid function. There’s also a possibility of interaction with HIV medications, although research is inconclusive. Always consult a healthcare professional before combining lemon balm with any medications.
2. Doronicum hookeri
Doronicum hookeri, also known as Darunaj Aqrabi in Unani medicine, has been traditionally used for treating cardiac conditions, including palpitations. This herb contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and phenolic contents, which may contribute to its cardioprotective effects. The active compound otosenine, found in Doronicum hookeri, has been specifically noted for its ability to reduce palpitations. Doronicum species has shown potential antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective properties. The herb is believed to help regulate heart rhythm and strengthen the heart, making it a valuable component in traditional formulations used for cardiac weakness and palpitations.
What Research Says?
- According to studies performed by Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga,Unani ,Siddha and Homeopathy, Doronicum hookeri is traditionally used as a cardiac tonic and is specifically noted for its value in treating palpitations.
- According to investigations conducted by Handbook of 200 Medicinal Plants, Historically, Doronicum hookeri has been used to treat various conditions including nervous depression, melancholy, and impaired digestion, which are often associated with palpitations.
How to Use
Doronicum hookeri, known as Darunaj Aqrabi, is typically consumed in the form of its rhizome for managing palpitations. The recommended dosage is around 4 to 7 grams per day, which can be taken with honey or warm water to enhance its effects. It’s often used as part of compound remedies, mixed with other herbal ingredients for better efficacy. Some traditional formulations suggest incorporating it into preparations like Safoof Daroonaj or Khamira Marwareed. As with any herbal remedy, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare professional before use, especially if you have existing heart conditions or are taking medications.
Potential side effects of Doronicum hookeri
While generally considered safe, Doronicum hookeri may cause side effects in some individuals, particularly when taken in large doses or for prolonged periods. Potential side effects include headaches, especially in those with warm temperaments. Other possible adverse reactions may include gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, or allergic reactions. As with any herbal remedy, it’s important to monitor for any unusual symptoms and discontinue use if side effects occur.
Who should avoid Doronicum hookeri
Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid using Doronicum hookeri due to limited safety data. Individuals with known allergies to plants in the Asteraceae family should exercise caution. Those with pre-existing heart conditions or taking medications for heart-related issues should consult a healthcare professional before use. People with liver disorders should also seek medical advice, as some studies suggest potential hepatoprotective effects that may interact with their condition or treatments.
Interaction with medications
Doronicum hookeri may interact with certain medications, particularly those affecting heart function or rhythm. It could potentially enhance the effects of cardiac medications, leading to unwanted side effects. There’s also a possibility of interaction with drugs metabolized by the liver, as Doronicum hookeri has shown hepatoprotective properties. Additionally, it may interact with blood thinners or anticoagulants. Always consult a healthcare provider before combining Doronicum hookeri with any prescription medications.
3. Passionflower
Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) has shown promising benefits for managing heart palpitations, particularly those associated with anxiety and stress. This herb contains flavonoids and alkaloids that exhibit anxiolytic and sedative properties, helping to calm the nervous system and potentially reduce the frequency and intensity of palpitations. Studies have demonstrated that passionflower can increase gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in the brain, promoting relaxation and reducing anxiety-induced heart rhythm disturbances. Its ability to lower blood pressure and heart rate may also contribute to its effectiveness in alleviating palpitations.
What Research Says?
- As demonstrated by research from Complementary Medicine Research, Passionflower extract significantly improved symptoms of nervous restlessness, including palpitations, in patients over a 12-week period.
- As shown by research done by Phytotherapy Research, Passionflower tea improved subjective sleep quality in healthy adults, which may indirectly benefit conditions like palpitations that are often exacerbated by poor sleep and anxiety.
How to Use
To use passionflower for palpitations, consider brewing a tea by steeping 1-2 teaspoons of dried herb in a cup of hot water for 10 minutes, drinking up to 3 cups daily. Alternatively, take 500-1000mg of passionflower extract in capsule form, following the manufacturer’s instructions. Tinctures are another option, with 30-60 drops taken up to three times daily. For anxiety-related palpitations, some find a combination of passionflower and lemon balm particularly effective. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any new herbal regimen.
Potential side effects of Passionflower
While generally considered safe, passionflower may cause side effects in some individuals. These can include drowsiness, dizziness, and confusion. Some people may experience nausea, vomiting, or altered consciousness. In rare cases, rapid heart rhythm, abnormal muscle actions, or loss of coordination have been reported. It’s important to start with a low dose and monitor for any adverse reactions, discontinuing use if side effects occur.
Who should avoid Passionflower
Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid passionflower due to potential risks to fetal development and lack of safety data. Individuals with bleeding disorders should use caution, as passionflower may increase the risk of bleeding. Those scheduled for surgery should stop using passionflower at least two weeks prior, as it may interact with anesthesia. People with liver disease should also consult their healthcare provider before use.
Interaction with medications
Passionflower may interact with several medications. It can enhance the effects of sedatives, including benzodiazepines and barbiturates, potentially causing excessive drowsiness. There’s a potential interaction with blood thinners, increasing the risk of bleeding. Passionflower may also interact with antidepressants, particularly MAOIs. It could potentially affect blood pressure medications and anticonvulsants. Always consult a healthcare professional before combining passionflower with any prescription medications.
4. Lavender
Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) offers significant benefits for managing heart palpitations, particularly those associated with anxiety or stress. The calming properties of lavender make it an excellent natural remedy for promoting relaxation and reducing feelings of panic, which can often trigger irregular heartbeats. Inhaling lavender essential oil can effectively lower heart rates and blood pressure, potentially decreasing the frequency of palpitations. Moreover, lavender’s sedative effects may help improve sleep quality, indirectly contributing to better cardiovascular health and reducing stress-induced palpitations. The versatility of lavender, especially in aromatherapy, provides a gentle and natural approach to addressing palpitations, making it particularly valuable for individuals experiencing stress-related symptoms.
What Research Says?
- According to the findings from research conducted by Phytomedicine, Lavender has been shown to significantly reduce anxiety levels in various forms of administration, including inhalation, oral intake, and massage.
- As evidenced by research led by Complementary Therapies in Medicine, Lavender herbal tea consumption has been found to reduce both depression and anxiety scores in elderly individuals.
- According to studies led by General Hospital Psychiatry, Lavender aromatherapy is effective for short-term anxiety relief, while oral lavender (Silexan) is more suitable for long-term treatment.
How to Use
To use lavender for palpitations, try aromatherapy by adding 2-3 drops of lavender essential oil to a diffuser or inhaling directly from the bottle during episodes. For a calming tea, steep 1-2 teaspoons of dried lavender buds in hot water for 5-10 minutes, drinking up to 3 cups daily. Lavender supplements in capsule form (80-160mg) can also be effective. For topical use, dilute lavender oil with a carrier oil and apply to pulse points. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any new herbal regimen.
Potential side effects of lavender
While generally considered safe, lavender can cause side effects in some individuals. These may include drowsiness, nausea, headaches, and allergic reactions. When applied topically, lavender oil might cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals. Some people may experience vomiting or constipation when consuming lavender orally. It’s important to start with small amounts and discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.
Who should avoid lavender
Pregnant and breastfeeding women should exercise caution when using lavender due to potential hormonal effects. Individuals with known allergies to lavender or other plants in the Lamiaceae family should avoid it. Children under two years old should not use lavender products without medical supervision. People with hormone-sensitive conditions, such as certain types of breast cancer, should consult their healthcare provider before using lavender.
Interaction with medications
Lavender may interact with several types of medications. It can enhance the effects of sedatives, potentially causing excessive drowsiness. There’s a potential increased bleeding risk when combined with blood thinners. Lavender might interact with antidepressants, particularly MAOIs. It may have conflicting effects with hormonal medications. There’s also a potential interaction with anticonvulsants. Always consult a healthcare professional before using lavender alongside any prescription medications.
5. Hawthorn
Hawthorn (Crataegus species) has emerged as a promising natural remedy for managing heart palpitations due to its multifaceted cardiovascular benefits. This herb is renowned for its ability to strengthen heart muscles and improve blood circulation, providing crucial support to the cardiovascular system. One of Hawthorn’s most significant advantages in addressing palpitations is its potential anti-arrhythmic effects, which may help stabilize heart rhythms and reduce the frequency of irregular heartbeats. Additionally, Hawthorn’s calming properties can alleviate stress and anxiety, common triggers for palpitations, offering a holistic approach to managing this condition.
What Research Says?
- Based on research carried out by Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Hawthorn has shown promise in improving symptoms of chronic heart failure, such as shortness of breath and fatigue, which are often associated with palpitations. Studies indicate that hawthorn extract can enhance exercise tolerance and reduce cardiac oxygen consumption.
- As per studies undertaken by American Journal of Medicine, The inotropic (strengthening heart contractions) and vasodilating (widening blood vessels) properties of hawthorn, attributed to its flavonoid content, may contribute to its beneficial effects on cardiovascular health, potentially alleviating palpitations.
- According to studies performed by American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, While hawthorn has been suggested to have potential antiarrhythmic properties, direct evidence from clinical trials specifically targeting palpitations or arrhythmias is lacking. Most studies focus on its general cardiovascular benefits rather than its specific impact on palpitations.
How to Use
To use Hawthorn for palpitations, consider taking standardized extract capsules containing 250-500mg, 1-3 times daily. For a more traditional approach, brew Hawthorn berry tea by steeping 1-2 teaspoons of dried berries in hot water for 10-15 minutes, drinking up to 3 cups daily. Tinctures offer another option, with 20-40 drops taken 3 times daily. Some prefer combining Hawthorn with other heart-supportive herbs like Motherwort or Linden. As always, consult a healthcare professional before starting any new herbal regimen, especially for heart-related issues.
Potential side effects of Hawthorn
While generally well-tolerated, Hawthorn can cause side effects in some individuals. These may include mild nausea, stomach upset, headache, dizziness, and fatigue. In rare cases, users might experience palpitations, which is ironic given its use for this condition. Some people report skin rashes or sweating. It’s important to start with lower doses and monitor for any adverse reactions, discontinuing use if side effects persist or worsen.
Who should avoid Hawthorn
Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid Hawthorn due to insufficient safety data. Individuals with low blood pressure should use caution, as Hawthorn may further lower it. Those with heart conditions should consult a healthcare provider before use, as Hawthorn can affect heart function. People scheduled for surgery should stop using Hawthorn at least two weeks prior, as it may interfere with blood pressure control during procedures.
Interaction with medications
Hawthorn may interact with several types of medications. It can enhance the effects of heart medications, potentially leading to excessive lowering of blood pressure. There’s a risk of interaction with blood thinners, increasing the chance of bleeding. Hawthorn may also interact with certain antidepressants, particularly MAOIs. It could potentially affect the efficacy of digoxin and other cardiac glycosides. Always consult a healthcare professional before combining Hawthorn with any prescription medications.
6. St. John’s Wort
While St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) is primarily known for its potential benefits in treating mild to moderate depression, its effects on heart palpitations are not well-established and may be contradictory. St. John’s Wort does not significantly affect heart rate variability or cardiac function in healthy individuals. However, there have been rare reports of St. John’s Wort potentially inducing supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) in some users. It’s important to note that St. John’s Wort can interact with various medications, including those used for heart conditions, potentially altering their effectiveness. For instance, it may reduce the effect of digoxin, a heart medication. Additionally, St. John’s Wort can cause side effects such as anxiety and restlessness in some individuals, which could potentially exacerbate feelings of palpitations.
What Research Says?
- According to investigations conducted by Journal of Affective Disorders, St. John’s Wort is extensively studied for its antidepressant properties, showing comparable efficacy to SSRIs in treating mild-to-moderate depression with fewer discontinuation rates.
- As demonstrated by research from Journal of Ethnopharmacology, It also has documented analgesic properties, effective in relieving acute and chronic pain conditions at low doses.
How to Use
While St. John’s Wort is not typically recommended for palpitations, those considering its use should consult a healthcare professional first. If approved, standardized extracts containing 0.3% hypericin are commonly used, with typical dosages ranging from 300-900mg daily, divided into 2-3 doses. Some prefer St. John’s Wort tea, steeping 1-2 teaspoons of dried herb in hot water for 5-10 minutes. However, due to potential interactions and side effects, it’s crucial to monitor your response closely and report any changes in heart rhythm to your doctor immediately.
Potential side effects of St. John’s Wort
St. John’s Wort can cause various side effects, including gastrointestinal upset, dizziness, and skin reactions like rashes or increased sensitivity to sunlight. Some users report headaches, fatigue, or sleep disturbances. In rare cases, it may lead to anxiety, restlessness, or changes in mood. There have been isolated reports of more serious effects like mania or psychosis. It’s crucial to monitor for any unusual symptoms and discontinue use if side effects occur.
Who should avoid St. John’s Wort
Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid St. John’s Wort due to potential risks to fetal development and infant health. Individuals with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or other mental health conditions should not use it without medical supervision. Those with a history of liver disease or scheduled for surgery should also avoid it. People with light-sensitive skin conditions or taking photosensitizing medications should use caution due to increased sun sensitivity.
Interaction with medications
St. John’s Wort is known for its numerous drug interactions. It can reduce the effectiveness of many medications, including birth control pills, anticoagulants, and some HIV drugs. It may interact dangerously with antidepressants, potentially causing serotonin syndrome. St. John’s Wort can also affect the metabolism of various drugs, altering their concentrations in the body. It’s crucial to consult a healthcare provider before using St. John’s Wort, especially if taking any medications.
7. Peppermint
Peppermint, a popular herb known for its refreshing flavor and aroma, may offer some benefits for individuals experiencing palpitations. While not a cure-all, peppermint has been found to possess calming properties that can help reduce stress and anxiety, which are common triggers for heart palpitations. The menthol in peppermint has a relaxing effect on smooth muscles, potentially easing tension in the cardiovascular system. Additionally, peppermint tea has been traditionally used to promote overall heart health and improve circulation. However, it’s important to note that while peppermint may provide some relief, persistent or severe palpitations should always be evaluated by a healthcare professional to rule out underlying cardiac conditions.
What Research Says?
- According to the research carried out by Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, Peppermint essential oil inhalation significantly reduces nausea and vomiting after cardiac surgery.
- As shown by research done by BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care, Inhalation of peppermint essence significantly reduces pain and improves sleep quality after open-heart surgery.
- According to the findings from research conducted by Gastroenterology, Peppermint oil did not significantly reduce abdominal pain response or overall symptom relief in IBS patients, although it did improve secondary outcomes like abdominal pain, discomfort, and IBS severity.
- As evidenced by research led by Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Melissa officinalis (lemon balm), not peppermint, was found to significantly reduce the frequency and intensity of heart palpitations in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
How to Use
To harness peppermint’s potential benefits for palpitations, consider incorporating it into your daily routine. Brew a soothing cup of peppermint tea by steeping fresh or dried leaves in hot water for 5-10 minutes. Alternatively, try peppermint essential oil aromatherapy by adding a few drops to a diffuser or inhaling directly from the bottle. For a quick remedy, chew on fresh peppermint leaves or suck on sugar-free peppermint candies.
Potential side effects of Peppermint
While generally safe, peppermint can cause side effects in some individuals. These may include heartburn, nausea, abdominal pain, and dry mouth. In rare cases, peppermint oil can trigger allergic reactions or skin irritation. Excessive consumption may lead to headaches or dizziness. It’s important to start with small amounts and monitor your body’s response when incorporating peppermint into your routine.
Who should avoid Peppermint
Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult a healthcare provider before using peppermint supplements or essential oils. Individuals with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or hiatal hernias may experience worsened symptoms with peppermint. Those with gallbladder issues or severe liver damage should also exercise caution. Children under 12 should avoid peppermint essential oil, as it may cause breathing difficulties.
Interaction with medications
Peppermint can interact with certain medications, potentially affecting their efficacy or increasing side effects. It may interfere with drugs metabolized by the liver, such as cyclosporine and some statins. Peppermint might also enhance the effects of blood thinners and increase the risk of bleeding. Those taking medications for diabetes, high blood pressure, or acid reflux should consult their doctor before using peppermint supplements.
FAQs
- Can heart palpitations be life-threatening?
While most palpitations are benign and related to stress, anxiety, or non-cardiac causes, some can indicate serious underlying conditions like arrhythmias, heart failure, or other cardiac diseases. If you experience palpitations with chest pain, shortness of breath, or fainting, seek immediate medical attention.
- How do I know if my palpitations are caused by anxiety or a heart condition?
Differentiating between anxiety-induced and heart-related palpitations can be challenging. Monitoring associated symptoms, frequency, and triggers, and consulting with a healthcare professional for diagnostic tests like an ECG or Holter monitor can help clarify the cause.
- Can dehydration cause heart palpitations, and how does it happen?
Yes, dehydration can cause palpitations by affecting electrolyte balance, which is essential for maintaining normal heart rhythm. Replenishing fluids and electrolytes can help mitigate palpitations triggered by dehydration.
- Are there lifestyle changes that can help prevent palpitations?
Yes, reducing caffeine and alcohol intake, quitting smoking, managing stress, getting adequate sleep, staying hydrated, and eating a balanced diet can help prevent palpitations. Regular exercise and avoiding triggers like certain medications or recreational drugs may also be beneficial.
- What is the difference between PVCs and PACs?
Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs) originate in the ventricles, while Premature Atrial Contractions (PACs) originate in the atria. Both can cause a sensation of a skipped beat or flutter but have different underlying causes and implications, which should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.
- How does Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) approach the treatment of palpitations?
TCM approaches palpitations by addressing underlying syndromes such as heart-blood deficiency or heart-yang flaccidity, often using herbal treatments and lifestyle modifications to restore balance and improve heart function.
- Can herbal remedies for palpitations interact with other medications?
Yes, many herbal remedies can interact with prescription medications, potentially altering their effectiveness or causing side effects. It is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new herbal regimen.
- What are the most common side effects of using herbs for palpitations?
Common side effects vary by herb but may include nausea, dizziness, headaches, gastrointestinal upset, allergic reactions, and interactions with medications. Always monitor for side effects and consult a healthcare provider if they occur.
- How long should I use herbs like lemon balm or passionflower to see results for palpitations?
The duration for noticeable effects can vary depending on the individual, the specific herb, and the severity of the palpitations. Generally, it may take a few days to several weeks. It is recommended to use them under the guidance of a healthcare provider.
- Are there specific conditions that contraindicate the use of certain herbs for palpitations?
Yes, conditions like thyroid disorders, pregnancy, breastfeeding, and certain cardiovascular, liver, or bleeding disorders may contraindicate the use of specific herbs such as lemon balm, passionflower, or hawthorn. Consulting a healthcare provider is essential.
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