Types of Foot Pain
From the sharp, stabbing sensation of plantar fasciitis to the dull ache of arthritis, each type presents unique symptoms and requires a tailored approach to care. In this article, we will explore the most common types of foot pain, their causes, symptoms, and the best strategies to alleviate discomfort and promote foot health. Whether you’re dealing with chronic pain or a sudden injury, this guide will help you identify your pain and find the right path to relief.
- Heel pain (plantar fasciitis, heel spurs)
- Ball of foot pain (metatarsalgia)
- Arch pain
- Toe pain (bunions, hammertoes, ingrown toenails)
- Ankle pain
- Midfoot pain
- Top of foot pain
- Nerve pain (neuropathy)
- Bone pain (stress fractures, arthritis)
- Muscle/tendon pain (Achilles tendinitis, posterior tibial tendinitis)
- Joint pain (arthritis, gout)
- Skin pain (corns, calluses, blisters)
Common Causes of Foot Pain
Understanding the common causes of foot pain is the first step toward effective treatment and prevention. From structural problems like flat feet to conditions such as plantar fasciitis, arthritis, and even poor footwear choices, many factors can contribute to discomfort in your feet. In this article, we’ll break down the most common causes of foot pain, highlighting their symptoms, risk factors, and what you can do to find relief and protect your feet for the future.
- Plantar fasciitis
- Heel spurs
- Achilles tendinitis
- Bunions
- Corns and calluses
- Ingrown toenails
- Morton’s neuroma
- Metatarsalgia
- Stress fractures
- Arthritis (osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis)
- Gout
- Diabetic neuropathy
- Flat feet
- High arches
- Sprains and strains
- Bursitis
- Tarsal tunnel syndrome
- Sesamoiditis
- Tendinitis
- Bone spurs
Best herbs for Foot pain
Using herbs to care for foot pain instead of medication offers several advantages, particularly in terms of safety and long-term efficacy. Herbal medicines, such as those derived from Corydalis yanhusuo, Ligusticum chuanxiong, and Aconitum carmichaeli, have been shown to effectively manage various types of pain, including musculoskeletal and neuropathic pain, without the severe side effects often associated with conventional analgesics like opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Additionally, herbal treatments can be particularly beneficial for chronic pain management, as they tend to have fewer systemic side effects and lower risks of tolerance and addiction compared to traditional medications. For instance, a blend of herbs including Urtica dioica and Boswellia serrata has demonstrated significant reductions in pain and improvements in functional mobility in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain, suggesting their potential as a valuable alternative treatment. Moreover, topical applications of herbal remedies can provide localized pain relief with minimal systemic absorption, further reducing the risk of adverse effects and drug interactions. Therefore, incorporating herbal therapies into pain management strategies can offer a holistic and safer approach to alleviating foot pain.
1. Rhizoma Rhei
Rhizoma Rhei, also known as rhubarb root, has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine for various ailments, but its specific benefits for foot pain are not well-established in scientific literature. While rhubarb root possesses anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties that could potentially alleviate some types of pain, there is limited direct evidence supporting its efficacy for foot pain specifically. The active compounds in Rhizoma Rhei, such as anthraquinones and tannins, may contribute to its potential pain-relieving effects, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness for foot-related discomfort.
What Research Says?
- Based on research carried out by Clinical Research on Foot & Ankle, Studies have shown that the use of a herbal patch containing Rhizoma Rhei significantly reduces pain scores and improves foot function in patients with chronic heel pain and plantar fasciitis.
- The herbal patch, which includes Rhizoma Rhei, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties by decreasing levels of inflammation cytokine IL-8 in the blood.
How to Use
Rhizoma Rhei, or rhubarb root, can be consumed in various forms for potential foot pain relief. A common method is brewing it as a tea by steeping 1-2 grams of dried, crushed root in hot water for 5-10 minutes. Alternatively, it can be taken as a tincture or in capsule form. However, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare professional before using Rhizoma Rhei, as proper dosage is essential to avoid side effects. External application as a poultice may also be beneficial for localized foot pain.
Potential side effects of Rhizoma Rhei
Potential side effects of Rhizoma Rhei include gastrointestinal discomfort such as stomach pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and cramps. In rare cases, it may cause more severe reactions like interstitial pneumonia, liver injury, or allergic cystitis. Long-term use or high doses can lead to electrolyte imbalances, particularly potassium depletion, and may increase the risk of developing kidney stones due to its oxalate content.
Who should avoid Rhizoma Rhei
Individuals with gastrointestinal conditions such as bowel obstruction, appendicitis, inflammatory bowel diseases, or unexplained abdominal pain should avoid Rhizoma Rhei. It’s also contraindicated for those with kidney disease, a history of kidney stones, or liver problems. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should limit intake to food amounts only. People with a known allergy to rhubarb or its components should also avoid this herb.
Interaction with medications
Rhizoma Rhei may interact with various medications. It can potentially enhance the effects of blood-thinning drugs and increase the risk of bleeding. The herb may also interfere with the absorption and effectiveness of certain medications due to its effect on intestinal motility. Additionally, it can interact with drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A and may affect the efficacy of medications that are substrates of P-glycoprotein or multidrug resistance-associated protein.
2. Bidens Pilosa
Bidens pilosa, commonly known as Spanish needles or beggar’s ticks, may offer potential benefits for foot pain due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Studies have shown that extracts from this plant contain compounds like flavonoids and polyacetylenes that can help reduce inflammation and alleviate pain. In traditional medicine, B. pilosa has been used to treat various types of pain, including those affecting the musculoskeletal system. While specific research on its effects on foot pain is limited, the plant’s ability to modulate pain pathways and reduce inflammation suggests it could be helpful for foot-related discomfort.
What Research Says?
- As per studies undertaken by Ad-Dawaa’ Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bidens pilosa has been shown to significantly reduce inflammation in induced foot edema in mice. Various concentrations of Bidens pilosa infusion (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% w/v) were effective in reducing foot volume, with higher concentrations showing greater reductions.
- According to studies performed by Ad-Dawaa’ Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The anti-inflammatory effect of Bidens pilosa at higher concentrations (30% and 40% w/v) was comparable to that of sodium diclofenac, a standard anti-inflammatory drug, indicating its potential as an alternative treatment for inflammation and pain.
How to Use
To consume Bidens pilosa for foot pain, several methods can be employed. A common approach is to prepare a tea by steeping 1-2 teaspoons of dried leaves in hot water for 10-15 minutes. Alternatively, a tincture can be made by soaking the plant material in alcohol for several weeks. For topical application, a poultice can be created by crushing fresh leaves and applying them directly to the affected area. Some herbalists recommend taking B. pilosa supplements in capsule form, typically 500-1000mg daily. However, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare professional before using any herbal remedy, especially for chronic conditions.
Potential side effects of Bidens pilosa
Potential side effects of Bidens pilosa may include gastrointestinal discomfort, such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. In rare cases, allergic reactions might occur, manifesting as skin rashes or itching. Prolonged use or high doses could potentially lead to hypoglycemia in some individuals. Some users have reported mild headaches or dizziness. As with any herbal remedy, it’s important to monitor for any unexpected reactions.
Who should avoid Bidens pilosa
Individuals with known allergies to plants in the Asteraceae family should avoid Bidens pilosa. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should exercise caution due to limited safety data. People with bleeding disorders or those scheduled for surgery should consult their healthcare provider before use, as B. pilosa may have anticoagulant effects. Diabetics should monitor blood sugar levels closely, as the plant may affect glucose metabolism.
Interaction with medications
Bidens pilosa may interact with various medications. It could potentially enhance the effects of blood-thinning drugs, increasing the risk of bleeding. The herb may interfere with the absorption and effectiveness of certain medications due to its effect on intestinal motility. It may also interact with drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Patients taking diabetes medications should be cautious, as B. pilosa could potentially cause hypoglycemia when combined with these drugs.
3. Flos Carthami
Flos Carthami, also known as safflower, has shown potential benefits for foot pain due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The active compounds in safflower, particularly flavonoids and polysaccharides, have been found to reduce inflammation and alleviate pain in various studies. Traditionally used in Chinese medicine for improving blood circulation and reducing swelling, Flos Carthami may help relieve foot pain associated with conditions like plantar fasciitis or arthritis. Its ability to promote blood flow could potentially aid in reducing muscle tension and improving overall foot health.
What Research Says?
- According to investigations conducted by Clinical Research on Foot & Ankle, Studies have shown that the use of a herbal patch containing Flos Carthami significantly reduces pain scores and improves foot function in patients with plantar fasciitis.
How to Use
To consume Flos Carthami for foot pain, several methods can be employed. A popular approach is to prepare a tea by steeping 1-2 teaspoons of dried safflower petals in hot water for 10-15 minutes, drinking it 2-3 times daily. For topical application, a warm compress can be made by soaking a cloth in the tea and applying it to the affected area. Some practitioners recommend safflower oil for massage, gently rubbing it into the feet to improve circulation. Alternatively, safflower supplements are available in capsule form, typically taken as directed by a healthcare professional.
Potential side effects of Flos Carthami
Potential side effects of Flos Carthami may include allergic reactions such as skin rashes, itching, or respiratory issues. Some users have reported gastrointestinal discomfort, including nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. In rare cases, it may cause liver injury or interstitial pneumonia. Long-term use or high doses could potentially lead to electrolyte imbalances, particularly potassium depletion. As with any herbal remedy, it’s important to monitor for any unexpected reactions and consult a healthcare professional if side effects occur.
Who should avoid Flos Carthami
Individuals with known allergies to plants in the Asteraceae family should avoid Flos Carthami. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should exercise caution due to potential risks. People with bleeding disorders, liver problems, or scheduled surgeries should consult their healthcare provider before use. Those with gastrointestinal conditions such as inflammatory bowel diseases or unexplained abdominal pain should also avoid this herb. Patients with kidney disease or a history of kidney stones should use Flos Carthami with caution.
Interaction with medications
Flos Carthami may interact with various medications. It could potentially enhance the effects of blood-thinning drugs, increasing the risk of bleeding. The herb may interfere with the absorption and effectiveness of certain medications due to its effect on intestinal motility. It may also interact with drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Patients taking diabetes medications should be cautious, as Flos Carthami could potentially affect blood sugar levels. Always inform your healthcare provider about all herbal supplements you’re taking.
4. Radix Dipsaci
Radix Dipsaci has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine for its potential benefits in alleviating foot pain. This herb is believed to possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties that may help reduce discomfort in the feet. Radix Dipsaci is particularly noted for its ability to strengthen bones and tendons, which could be beneficial for foot-related issues such as plantar fasciitis or arthritis. Its potential to improve blood circulation and promote healing may contribute to its effectiveness in managing foot pain. Additionally, Radix Dipsaci could help in the regeneration of cartilage, which may be beneficial for conditions affecting the joints in the feet.
What Research Says?
- As demonstrated by research from Clinical Research on Foot & Ankle, Studies have shown that the use of a herbal patch containing Radix Dipsaci significantly improves pain scores and foot function index in patients with chronic heel pain and plantar fasciitis.
How to Use
To consume Radix Dipsaci for foot pain, the most common method is to prepare a decoction. Typically, 10-15 grams of dried Radix Dipsaci is simmered in water for 20-30 minutes, creating a tea-like liquid to be consumed 2-3 times daily. Some practitioners recommend soaking the feet in a warm bath infused with Radix Dipsaci decoction for topical relief. Alternatively, Radix Dipsaci is available in powder or capsule form, usually taken as directed by a healthcare professional. For external use, a paste made from ground Radix Dipsaci mixed with water can be applied directly to the affected area.
Potential side effects of Radix Dipsaci
Potential side effects of Radix Dipsaci may include gastrointestinal discomfort such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. In rare cases, allergic reactions like skin rashes or itching might occur. High doses or prolonged use could potentially lead to electrolyte imbalances, particularly potassium depletion. Some users have reported mild headaches or dizziness. As with any herbal remedy, it’s important to monitor for any unexpected reactions and consult a healthcare professional if side effects persist.
Who should avoid Radix Dipsaci
Pregnant women should avoid Radix Dipsaci, especially in high doses, as studies have shown potential adverse effects on embryonic development. Individuals with bleeding disorders or those scheduled for surgery should consult their healthcare provider before use due to its potential anticoagulant effects. People with gastrointestinal conditions, kidney problems, or liver issues should exercise caution. Those with known allergies to plants in the Dipsacaceae family should also avoid this herb.
Interaction with medications
Radix Dipsaci may interact with various medications. It could potentially enhance the effects of blood-thinning drugs, increasing the risk of bleeding. The herb may interfere with the absorption and effectiveness of certain medications due to its effect on intestinal motility. It may also interact with drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Patients taking diabetes medications should be cautious, as Radix Dipsaci could potentially affect blood sugar levels.
5. Borneolum Syntheticum
Borneolum Syntheticum, also known as synthetic borneol, has shown potential benefits for foot pain due to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. This compound, which is a synthetic version of the natural borneol found in various plants, is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. It’s known for its ability to promote blood circulation and reduce swelling, which can be particularly beneficial for foot-related discomfort. Borneolum Syntheticum is believed to penetrate deeply into the skin, potentially providing relief for conditions such as plantar fasciitis, arthritis, or general muscle soreness in the feet. Its cooling sensation may also help alleviate pain and discomfort.
What Research Says?
- As shown by research done by Clinical Research on Foot & Ankle, Studies have shown that a herbal patch containing Borneolum Syntheticum significantly reduces pain and improves foot function in patients with plantar fasciitis. This was measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Foot Function Index (FFI).
How to Use
Borneolum Syntheticum is primarily used topically for foot pain relief. A common method is to dilute it in a carrier oil like coconut or jojoba oil, creating a 2-3% solution, and gently massage it into the affected areas of the feet. Some practitioners recommend adding a few drops to warm water for a soothing foot soak. In traditional Chinese medicine, it’s often combined with other herbs in ointments or balms. For internal use, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare professional, as Borneolum Syntheticum should only be taken orally under strict medical supervision.
Potential side effects of Borneolum Syntheticum
Potential side effects of Borneolum Syntheticum may include eye, skin, and respiratory irritation. Some users have reported gastrointestinal discomfort such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. In rare cases, allergic reactions like skin rashes or itching might occur. Prolonged use or high doses could potentially lead to electrolyte imbalances, particularly potassium depletion. Headaches, dizziness, and mild central nervous system effects have also been reported in some cases.
Who should avoid Borneolum Syntheticum
Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid Borneolum Syntheticum due to potential risks to fetal development and limited safety data. Individuals with known allergies to plants in the Dipterocarpaceae or Lauraceae families should also avoid this compound. People with liver problems, kidney issues, or bleeding disorders should consult their healthcare provider before use. Those scheduled for surgery should discontinue use at least two weeks prior due to potential anticoagulant effects.
Interaction with medications
Borneolum Syntheticum may interact with various medications. It could potentially enhance the effects of blood-thinning drugs, increasing the risk of bleeding. The compound may interfere with the absorption and effectiveness of certain medications due to its effect on intestinal motility. It may also interact with drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes, particularly CYP2A6, CYP2B6, and CYP3A. Patients taking diabetes medications should be cautious, as Borneolum Syntheticum could potentially affect blood sugar levels.
6. Boswellia serrata
Boswellia serrata, commonly known as Indian frankincense, has shown promising benefits for foot pain due to its potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The active compounds in Boswellia, particularly boswellic acids, have been found to inhibit pro-inflammatory enzymes, reducing inflammation and alleviating pain. This natural remedy may be particularly effective for foot pain associated with conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and plantar fasciitis. Studies have demonstrated that Boswellia can improve joint flexibility and reduce swelling, which could translate to increased comfort and mobility for those suffering from foot pain. Additionally, its ability to improve blood circulation may contribute to faster healing and reduced discomfort in the feet.
What Research Says?
- As evidenced by research led by Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Boswellia serrata extracts have been shown to significantly reduce pain and stiffness in osteoarthritis patients, as measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores.
- According to studies led by BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, Boswellia serrata is generally well-tolerated with a low incidence of adverse events. Studies report no serious side effects, making it a safe option for long-term use in managing osteoarthritis symptoms.
- Based on research carried out by The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Boswellia serrata are attributed to its ability to modulate inflammatory mediators, which helps in reducing pain and improving joint function.
- As per studies undertaken by Planta Medica, Boswellia serrata has demonstrated wound healing potential in experimental models of diabetic foot ulcers. It promotes wound contraction, reduces oxidative stress, and modulates inflammatory and angiogenetic markers, thereby accelerating the healing process.
How to Use
To consume Boswellia serrata for foot pain, the most common method is through oral supplements. These are typically available in capsule or tablet form, with recommended dosages ranging from 300-500mg taken 2-3 times daily. Some prefer using Boswellia extract in powdered form, which can be mixed with water or added to smoothies. For topical application, Boswellia creams or ointments can be applied directly to the affected areas of the feet. It’s important to follow product instructions or consult with a healthcare professional for personalized dosage recommendations.
Potential side effects of Boswellia serrata
Boswellia serrata may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, including nausea, acid reflux, diarrhea, and stomach pain. Some individuals may experience allergic reactions, particularly skin rashes when applied topically. Headaches, itching, and general weakness have also been reported. While generally well-tolerated, it’s advisable to start with lower doses and monitor for any adverse reactions, especially when taking Boswellia supplements long-term.
Who should avoid Boswellia serrata
Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid Boswellia serrata due to potential risks of miscarriage and lack of safety data. Individuals with liver conditions or taking medications metabolized by the liver should consult a doctor before use. Those with autoimmune diseases, bleeding disorders, or scheduled for surgery should also exercise caution. People with known allergies to Boswellia or other plants in the Burseraceae family should avoid it.
Interaction with medications
Boswellia serrata may interact with certain medications. It can potentially enhance the effects of anti-inflammatory drugs and increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulants or antiplatelet medications. Boswellia may also interfere with the metabolism of drugs processed by liver enzymes. Always consult a healthcare provider before combining Boswellia with prescription medications, especially those for arthritis, asthma, or inflammatory conditions.
7. Garlic
Garlic may indeed offer benefits for foot pain, particularly when it stems from inflammatory conditions or circulatory issues. This pungent herb contains allicin, a compound with potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties that can help reduce swelling and discomfort in the feet. Garlic also promotes better blood circulation, which can alleviate pain caused by poor blood flow to the extremities. Additionally, its natural antibacterial qualities may help prevent or treat foot infections that can lead to pain.
What Research Says?
- According to studies performed by European Journal of Pain, Garlic and its preparations (e.g., garlic powder, garlic oils, aged garlic extract) contain organosulphur compounds (OSCs) that have shown promise in treating pain associated with chronic diseases like knee osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
- As demonstrated by research from Phytomedicine, a study on overweight or obese women with knee osteoarthritis found that garlic supplementation significantly reduced pain severity over 12 weeks. This effect was partly attributed to a reduction in the pro-inflammatory adipocytokine, resistin.
- As shown by research done by Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, In a trial assessing garlic’s effects on peripheral arterial occlusive disease, garlic did not significantly improve pain-free walking distance compared to placebo. However, no severe side effects were observed, indicating that garlic is safe for use.
How to Use
Garlic can be consumed in various ways to potentially alleviate foot pain. Eating raw garlic cloves, chopped or smashed to activate allicin, is the most potent method. Incorporating cooked garlic into meals still offers health benefits, though with reduced potency. For direct relief, massaging garlic oil into the feet can provide localized anti-inflammatory effects. Garlic supplements are also available for a concentrated dose, but it’s crucial to consult a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen. Whichever method you choose, consistency is key for potential benefits.
Potential side effects of Garlic
Consuming large amounts of garlic can lead to bad breath, body odor, and digestive issues such as heartburn, gas, and nausea. Some people may experience allergic reactions, including skin rashes or breathing difficulties. Excessive garlic intake can also increase the risk of bleeding, especially in individuals with bleeding disorders. In rare cases, garlic may cause headaches or dizziness.
Who should avoid Garlic
Individuals with bleeding disorders or those scheduled for surgery should avoid high doses of garlic due to its blood-thinning effects. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult their healthcare provider before consuming large amounts. People with low blood pressure or hypoglycemia should use caution, as garlic may further lower blood pressure and blood sugar levels. Those with garlic allergies should strictly avoid it.
Interaction with medications
Garlic can interact with various medications, particularly blood thinners like warfarin, increasing the risk of bleeding. It may also interact with HIV medications, reducing their effectiveness. Garlic can enhance the effects of blood pressure and diabetes medications, potentially leading to dangerously low blood pressure or blood sugar levels. Always consult a healthcare provider before combining garlic supplements with prescription medications.
FAQs
- Can foot pain be caused by improper footwear?
Yes, wearing improper footwear, such as shoes that are too tight, lack arch support, or have high heels, can contribute to foot pain by altering the natural biomechanics of the foot, leading to conditions like plantar fasciitis, bunions, or metatarsalgia.
- Are there any specific stretches or exercises that can help relieve foot pain?
Yes, stretching exercises like calf stretches, plantar fascia stretches, and Achilles tendon stretches, along with foot strengthening exercises, can help relieve foot pain and prevent further injury by improving flexibility, strength, and circulation.
- How can diet impact foot pain?
A diet high in anti-inflammatory foods, such as fruits, vegetables, omega-3 fatty acids, and lean proteins, can help reduce inflammation and pain in the feet. Conversely, a diet high in processed foods, sugar, and trans fats can exacerbate inflammation and pain.
- Can weight loss help alleviate foot pain?
Yes, losing weight can help reduce foot pain, especially for conditions like plantar fasciitis, arthritis, and other weight-bearing joint problems. Less weight means less stress on the feet, which can lead to reduced pain and improved mobility.
- What are some non-herbal natural remedies for foot pain?
Non-herbal remedies for foot pain include Epsom salt soaks, ice therapy, massage, acupressure, proper foot hygiene, and wearing custom orthotics. These methods can help reduce inflammation, improve circulation, and provide comfort.
- Are there any side effects of using herbal treatments for foot pain?
Yes, while herbal treatments can be effective, they may also have side effects such as gastrointestinal discomfort, skin irritation, allergic reactions, and interactions with medications. It’s important to consult a healthcare provider before starting any herbal remedy.
- How long does it take for herbal treatments to relieve foot pain?
The time required for herbal treatments to relieve foot pain varies depending on the severity of the condition, the specific herb used, dosage, and individual responses. Some people may experience relief within a few days, while others may take several weeks.
- Can foot pain indicate a more serious health condition?
Yes, foot pain can sometimes be a symptom of more serious health conditions, such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, nerve damage, or cardiovascular problems. Persistent or severe foot pain should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
- Is it safe to use multiple herbs simultaneously for foot pain?
While some herbs can be safely combined, others may interact and cause side effects. It is essential to consult a healthcare provider or herbalist to ensure the safe use of multiple herbs simultaneously.
- How can I prevent foot pain in the future?
Preventing foot pain involves wearing properly fitted shoes, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly to strengthen foot muscles, using orthotic inserts if needed, and managing underlying health conditions that can contribute to foot problems, like diabetes or arthritis.
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